Mercury Essays - Mercury Compounds, Mercury, Chlorides,

Mercury Mercury's symbol is Hg, its atomic number is 80, its atomic mass is 200.59, its in group 12 and in period 6, and it also has two valence electrons. Its standard state is liquid at 298?K and it is the heaviest known elemental liquid. It has a silvery white color. It is named after the planet Mercury the origin of the symbol Hg is the Latin word hydrargyrum meaning liquid silver. Mercury was known to ancient Chinese and Hindus before 2000 B.C. and was found in tubes in Egyptian tombs dated from 1500 B.C. Mercury is the only metal liquid at ordinary temperatures. Mercury is sometimes called quicksilver. It sometimes occurs free in nature and is found mainly in cinnabar ore, which is HgS. Cinnabar ore is found in Spain and Italy. Mercury is a heavy, silvery-white metal, which forms alloys easily with many metals like gold, silver, and tin. These alloys are called amalgams. Its way of amalgamating with gold is made use of the recovery of gold from its ores. Mercury is a bad conductor of heat and an okay conductor of electricity. The most important salts are mercuric chloride HgC12 that is a corrosive and violent poison. Mercurous chloride Hg2Cl2, which used to be used in medicine. Mercury fulminate Hg(ONC)2 used as a detonator in explosives and mercuric sulfide HgS used as a high-grade paint pigment. Organic mercury compounds are important and dangerous. Methyl mercury is a lethal pollutant found in rivers and lakes. Mercury is a virulent poison and is readily absorbed through the respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract, or through unbroken skin. It acts as a cumulative poison since there are few pathways available to the body for its excretion. Since mercury is a very readily vaporizable element at a relatively low temperature, dangerous levels are readily attained in air. Air saturated with mercury vapor at 20?C contains a concentration that exceeds the toxic limit many times. The danger increases at higher temperatures. It is therefore important that mercury be handled with care. Containers of mercury should be securely covered and spillage should be avoided. Mercury should only be handled under a well-ventilated area. Mercury is well known because of its use in many thermometers. It was common to demonstrate the formation of mercury in the laboratory by heating mercury sulfide. This method forms the basis of commercial extraction to get mercury. The prepared cinnabar ore is heated in a current of air and the mercury vapor condensed. Bibliography 1. Mercury (element), Microsoft? Encarta? Online Encyclopedia 2000 http://encarta.msn.com ? 1997-2000 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. 2. Bentor, Yinon. Chemical Element.com - Mercury. Dec. 6, 2000 . 3. Encyclopedia Britanica-?Mercury? Liquid Metal Volume M-R. Pages 253-260.

Heritage alive at any cost essays

Heritage alive at any cost essays On September 11, 2001, the United States was attacked. No, another country didnt bomb our oil reserves, or unleash a fierce military raid on a certain city or state. Instead the incident was more like a hate crime. The purpose was pure evil. There was no military or economic gain, but instead a personal desire by a group to use violence. In the Websters dictionary Terrorism is defined as the unlawful use or threatened use of force or violence by a person or an organized group against people or property with the intention of intimidating or coercing societies or governments, often for ideological or political reasons. With this definition mind I dont believe anyone could argue that what happened on September 11, was a form of terrorism. This is not he first time though that United States has been a target of terrorism. Three years after September 11, 1999 life it is not the same. Traveling around the world I still feel the differents, and how affected everyone is some way or another. I personally did not know anyone who was the Twin Towers but I still was effected. When it happened I was going to high school. My first period teacher told me and I did not know it would be such a bid thing. That would change the world. When I watched it on television it seemed like a movie to me. I believe that America went through a real big hit that will either make it stronger or weaker. More than 3,000 people were killed. I learned two of the planes, loaded with fuel and passengers were flown at full speed into the twin towers of the World Trade Center in the financial district of New York City. The buildings burst into flame and then collapsed, killing thousands. A third terrorist crew smashed their plane into the Pentagon, headquarters of the U.S. military in Arlington, Virginia. The hijackers of the fourth a irliner apparently intended to hit another target in the Washington, D.C., area, but passengers o ...

The company structure of Ford and Toyota Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The company structure of Ford and Toyota - Essay Example Each center was self-sustaining with its own functional staff, planning group, etc" (Multi-Project Management 2005). Ford has poorer teamwork which influences productivity and efficiency of work. In Ford, leadership is centralized with one person while in Toyota leadership is potentially shared among members (Toyota Home Page, 2007). In Ford, the group's purpose is set in response to organizational directives; also, the group measures its effectiveness by individually meeting the stated objectives. In Toyota, the group's purpose is set in response to both organizational directives and a shared group mission, and the group produces one collective work product (LaFasto and Larsen, 2001). The structure of both companies is defined as a 'lean enterprise system'. Mass production is organized around smaller units and subgroups. Both Toyota and Ford have matrix organizational structure. The decentralized decision-making that exists is likely to be more rapid, more efficient in the choice and pricing of new products and processes, more perceptive in the recognition of opportunities emerging from technological and market trends, and more accurate in its assessment of the competence of specific firms to explore these opportunities. In both companies, it is possible to distinguish functional and product departmentalization. Product departmentalization is organized around product lines. Functional departmentalization is organized around such unites as finance and marketing, technology and HRM (human resources management). In both Toyota and Ford, the product is the result of a large measure of collective effort (LaFasto and Larsen, 2001). In addition to each member's individu al accountability, the group also has mutual accountability. In Ford, the small group is a subsystem within the larger organization. As such, it is subject to the same forces as the larger system. The behavior of one group member affects all of the others. Influencing behavior carries beyond the face-to-face meeting. Individual members interact "off-line" in settings other than meeting rooms (Stacey, 1996). The main forms of work coordination include informal and formal communication, and standardization. There are no great differences between Toyota and Ford, because of the nature of business and production processes. Standardization is achieved through rules and procedures, work requirements and production standards (Goris et al 2000). The systems approach to organization and management also gives recognition to the importance of groups in influencing behavior at work. Span of control is a vital part of both organizations. In Ford, a manager supervises about 8-10 employees while in Toyota a manager controls 7-8 employees. As professional decision-making is decentralized, the centre keeps control through a new regime of regulation, performance management and quality control. Tactics and organizational politics depend upon corporate and national culture (Gleason, 1997). In Toyota, Japanese management style and national traditions have a major impact on politic and tactics. The tactics a nd organizational politics are based on ideas of strict codes of values and collective will of the groups. Direct cooperation and support from the top are the main tactics utilized by Toyota's management. Ford follows American management style based on

Personal cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Personal cultures - Essay Example In this regard, I utilize the utilitarianism concept. The framework states that I should take the interest of the patients first. In addition, the most framework asserts that the most ethical decisions are the ones that have maximum benefit to the patients. Thus, where professional ethics is a hindrance to effective care, personal ethics should be used. I was raised in a compassionate community where the life and wellbeing of everybody matters. As a result, I have respect for human health and life. I believe that humans should not suffer when I can give a hand. The culture is deeply embedded in me, and I use it to assist patients to the best of my ability in the nursing field. In addition, personal issues have influenced my ethical behavior. I have witnessed the suffering of friends and relatives as a result of neglect or medical errors. As such I endeavor to consider every aspect of treatment. I am a spiritual person and have been brought up as a Christian. Christianity advocates for compassion to all people. In my position, I am privileged with the power to influence the health outcomes of patients. The religion constantly reminds me that the lives of patients are bestowed upon me, and thus I should play and active role in protecting them. The religious views play an important role when I am faced with ethical dilemmas. The teachings of compassion indicate that human life is precious and should not be influenced by humans. The religion has shaped my ethics in other aspects such as futile treatment and euthanasia. I am bound by spiritual reasoning to ensure that the patients receive due care in both primary and secondary care. As such, it is unethical to take away a life deliberately no matter the circumstance. The belief advises me to stay away from decisions to terminate the life of an individual voluntarily. In this regard, my ethics dictates that I should ensure that patients receive the required care until recovery or

Academic Report and Financial Calculations 04031 Essay

Academic Report and Financial Calculations 04031 - Essay Example A model of the HR function and its implications were critically evaluated in light of the chosen capital investment project and trading with its Co-share. As per the evaluation of the project suitable conclusions and recommendations were provided and in addition the reflective statements were prepared. Capital budgeting is a method through which a firm decides to invest in the long term investment proposals (Baker and English, 2011). Capital budgeting can also be measured as a scheduling process which helps in deciding which investment like new machinery, new products, replacement machinery and new plants can prove to be cost effective (Phaup and Kirschner, 2010). It is used for budgeting of vital capital investments. The different techniques for calculation used in the capital budgeting process are NPV method, IRR method, payback period and profitability index method. In the capital budgeting process, there exist some non financial qualitative aspects in case of project viability (Lan, Chung, Chu and Kuo, 2003). Every organization is recognized for their surroundings and norms. It becomes necessary to gauge in order to shape the behavior of the employees in an organization. There are three stages in capital budgeting analysis including decision analysis for building knowledge, op tion pricing for establishing position and discounted cash flow for making decision regarding investment (Garcia, Contreras, Correia and Muà ±oz, 2010). In context of project valuation, it is necessary for a company to ensure that their potential projects are in order to the employee’s culture because going further than that may crash the financial factors. The study is conducted to analyze the implications of the project and their impact on human resource (HR) (Law, 2004). The implications of the project includes capital budgeting calculations to choose the profitable project, evaluation of the chosen project, ethical considerations and relating a HR function model with the

Hr Challenges In The Hiring Process Management Essay

Hr Challenges In The Hiring Process Management Essay Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the spectrum of challenges encountered by the HR professionals while managing the hiring practices in a multicultural society in medium-to-large health care organizations, both private and governmental, within Abu Dhabi and Al Ain cities in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Design/methodology/approach Qualitative research methods were used to obtain the required data, and in-depth individual interviews with key HR professionals were conducted. Findings The findings of this study have indicated that there are unique, major and minor challenges that workforce diversity inflicted on the hiring process, among the selected health care organizations in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. Research limitations/Implications The time and resources for this research study were not adequate to gather sufficient samples outside Abu Dhabi and Al Ain. All interviewees have rejected the tape recording and it was difficult to conduct focus group interviews to gain wider perspective. Since this research is qualitative in nature, it is hard to generalize across other sectors and cities. It is required to have quantitative researches in this area. Originality/value This paper provides valuable insights regarding the hiring processes challenges in Multicultural society in UAEs health sector which has not been adequately investigated before. Keywords: Hiring Challenges, Culture, Multicultural society, Diversity Management, Recruitment, Selection, Orientation, United Arab Emirates, Health industry. Paper type Research paper Introduction Diversity management has been one of the widespread research areas in Human Resources Management in the 21st century that aims at understanding and improving the management of culturally diversified workforce in organizations. Diversity is a fact that could not be ignored or avoided and it has both good and bad sides. The importance of this topic lies in the significant impact of cultural differences on how work groups interact (Kossek Others, 2003). Also, it is seen as a source of competitive advantage through effective management of a diverse workforce. Another reason is the changing composition of workforce around the world towards different language, age, gender, ethnic background, nationality, lifestyles and other characteristics (Seymen, 2006). According to Harris (2004), Promoting cultural synergy influences social change in human behavior and improves system effectiveness. Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, in general and UAE in particular, are considered a rich area for research on diversity management due to the unique composition of workforce and demographics (Forstenlechner, 2010). This high level of diversity has great influence on managing the hiring process and results in many challenges which will be discussed in this research. Multicultural Societies According to Marshall (1998), multicultural societies are featured by cultural pluralism which means the division of the culture into diverse religion, age, ethnic, linguistic, racial groups, national origin or gender (DNetto Sohal, 1999; Kossek Others, 2003). It can be found at various levels, such as cities, nations, schools, neighborhoods or businesses. Organizations foster and manage diversity in order to survive in increasingly heterogeneous societies and to sustain their competitive advantage. Diversity stimulates problem solving, creativity and system flexibility (Gomez-Mejia, Balkin Cardy, 2007). Diversity Management at multicultural (or diversified) organizations means building and maintaining policies, practices and regulations that will treat all employees fairly and will leave no advantage for a group over the others in order to enable them to reach the required levels of performance to achieve the organizational goals (DNetto Sohal, 1999; Jenner, 1994; Thomas, 1994). The Hiring Process The hiring process is divided into three sections: Recruitment, Selection and Orientation. The Recruitment Process is the process of creating a pool of candidates who are potentially suitable for the position by using a variety of recruitment sources. The selection process is the process of making the hiring/rejection decision for the list of applicants according to the selection criteria and by using a variety of selection tools. While the orientation process is the process of getting the new employee to know all aspects of the organization (Gomez-Mejia et al., 2007; Ivancevich, 2010). Diversity Practices in the Hiring Process Successful organizations aim to attract the best candidates regardless of their ethnicity, gender or age. Their hiring practices should be based on job-related and organizational criteria. In addition, the recruiters should be trained and skilled to run a successful selection process (Kandola Fullerton, 1994; Cornelius, 1999). And in order to assure that a diversified group of candidates apply to the job, the advertisements should be placed in ethnic language newspapers as well as the regular daily newspapers and websites. It is also important to have a diversified interview panel and selection techniques that would allow diverse people to answer to the questions or tests at their best capability (Morrison, 1992; Schreiber et al., 1993). The interview panel should be highly skilled and trained to understand candidates from different cultural backgrounds, researchers have found that most interviewers have no understanding of special interview techniques that suit candidates from different ethnical backgrounds (Caudron, 1990; Morrison, 1992). Challenges in Multicultural Societies The literature on cultural diversity management has studied issues like understanding the concept of diversity management (McVittie, 2008; Miller Rowney, 1999), the effect of diversity on individuals and groups, the benefits of diversity (Risberg SÃ ¸derberg, 2008), the diversity management best practices and HR strategies (DNetto Sohal, 1999, 2003), and the effect of diversity on organizational performance (Richard S. Allen, Gail Dawson, Kathleen Wheatley, Charles S. White (2008); Velma E. McCuiston, Barbara Ross Wooldridge, Chris K. Pierce, (2004). Most of the available literature has addressed the diversity in Western European context (McVittie, 2008, Miller Rowney, 1999; Harris, 2004; Leveson Joiner, 2009 ; Kramar, 1998). On the other hand, less attention is given to diversity management studies in the Middle East region and the subject is considered under-studied according to the 4th Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Conference (2010). Some of the available literature in the region studied employees attitudes towards diversity (Bakr Ahmad Alserhan, Ingo Forstenlechner, Ahmad Al-Nakeeb, (2009) ; Tariq M. Khan, Fintan Clear, Ahmed Al-Kaabi, Vahid Pezeshki, 2010) as well as managing diverse teams in the Middle East (Forstenlechner, 2010 ; Neal, 2010). With regards to the challenges faced by HR professionals in multicultural societies, the literature has studied the challenges in Multinational Corporations (MNCs) and the hiring difficulties when doing business abroad (Dowling et al., 2008). Increasing diversity through recruitment practices is another widespread topic (Tipper, 2004) as well as challenges in leading diversified workforce in general (McCuiston et al., 2004). Some of the challenges that face HR professionals when managing a multicultural workforce is convincing the higher management that diversity as well as good quality diversity management programs are useful to the organization. These challenges stem from the fact that some top managers still perceive diversity management as costly and can cause disruption in the organization (DNetto Sohal, 1999). Another challenge faced by HR professionals is the communication issue (Adler, 1986; Loden Rosener, 1991). Case of UAE The United Arab Emirates, like the GCC labor market in general, is considered a unique case because of its workforce composition. According to the (Statistics Center Abu Dhabi, 2010), the size of the employed labor force in 2008 in the city of Abu Dhabi was 889,417 of whom only 10% are nationals. This high profile of non national workforce is considered a challenge for HR Professionals. According to Mohammed Ben Rashid Al Maktoum Foundation (2008), the insufficiency of skilled labor in Gulf countries and UAE is a major problem. Most of the literature about UAE has discussed topics related to Emiratization as an employment challenge (Forstenlechner, 2008), diversity in banking sector (Alserhan et al., 2009) and difficulties in training a diversified workforce (Jones, 2008). No literature was located on the challenges in the hiring process within a multicultural society like UAE. Therefore, this study contributes to the HR Management literature by exploring the spectrum of challenges encountered by the HR Professionals while managing the hiring practices of culturally-diverse workforce in UAEs health care organizations. Challenges in the Hiring process in UAE The supply of the labor force is being affected by the economic and growth conditions. For example, India (which is a strong resource for cheap labor inside UAE) now undergoes a major technological and economical growth which causes the skilled labor to return to India (or what is called Brain Gain) and reduces the flow of labor outside the country (Anand, 2007). According to Al Ali (2008), it is difficult to strategize for long term programs as this non-national workforce is hired on a temporary employment visa which is considered a transient environment that doesnt encourage long term commitment as it creates a sense of job insecurity and uncertainty. Therefore, special efforts need to be given in the hiring process to attract and retain the workers. Another challenge facing HR professionals is hiring female workers. According to Naithani (2010): Participation of female in migrating workforce to GCC is one of the least in the world with only 29 per cent of the migrants being females. This shows that females have less opportunity for finding a job. Also, the laws and regulations related to visas and work permits sometimes prevents workers from exchanging jobs as they would need a no objection certificate from their previous sponsor (Naithani, 2010). The majority of non national workforce in the UAE is from Asian countries like Philippines or India, which is considered a challenge when hiring. According to Al-Waqfi Forstenlechner (2010), managing groups of people from similar nationality has multiple difficulties and can lead to conflicts, stereotyping as well as to less commitment as these groups indentify with their similar social group over the organization. STEROTYPING MAHA ADD HERE In terms of team management, multicultural workforce can be a true challenge when managing teams. Therefore, the hiring process should take into consideration that the new hire will fit in the team (Neal, 2010). According to Mohammed Ben Rashid Al Maktoum Foundation (2008), 91% of the key positions in Gulf countries are occupied with expatriates due to lack of qualified national workforce. The report also revealed that in healthcare, only 63% of the Arab CEOs believed that there is an adequate transfer of knowledge and know-how from expatriates to nationals which led to continuously depending on expatriates to fill the positions and not achieving the required Emiratization quotas. The report also highlighted that fact that the cost of non national labor is increasing significantly which will reflect on the hiring process in terms if rising wages and security. In terms of hiring expatriates in different levels, the report shows that it is extremely difficult to hire in senior management, followed by middle management and operational/technical positions. Methodology Since the research approach that has been selected is exploratory in nature, qualitative research methods are best suited for obtaining the required data. To explore the variety of challenges encountered by the human resource personnel while managing the hiring practices requires the use of qualitative research methods. The researchers have decided to conduct the research on health care organizations due to ease of access and availability of many heterogeneous hospitals in size and ownership. Data Collection The selected organizations are located in Abu Dhabi and Al Ain cities, these hospitals were all selected within Abu Dhabi Emirate to save travelling time and expenses on the researchers. Five in-depth interviews were conducted with key HR personnel in the selected organizations. The researchers have approached the organizations through email and phone calls to obtain the approval for interviews. Once the approval was obtained, a detailed email was sent to the interviewees including the date and time of the interview as well as a consent form stating the purpose of the study, the procedures, and the confidentiality of data. All of the selected organizations have rejected the use of tape recording. Following acceptance of their verbal approval, the research team was divided into groups to conduct the interviews simultaneously. All interviews answers and notes were transformed from handwritten notes to typed transcripts and notes ready for analysis. The adopted analytical approach was Thematic Content Analysis (TCA) where the research team scanned the transcribed text, created and applied relational coding between categories and recognized common themes across participants. The research team has adopted the introductory techniques shown in Appendix 1. This ensures conformity and unifies the approach to potential participants at all research sites. Research Questions The literature review has discussed few challenges faced by multi cultural organizations in the hiring process; however, it has not totally uncovered those challenges in UAE. Hence this research aims to explore more challenges faced by the HR Department during their hiring process in multicultural organizations. In this study, two main research questions were formed. These questions were ordered from general to specific and from most significant to least significant. Further questions were probed according to the interviewee answers. Main Research Questions: RQ1: What are the hiring challenges faced by HR professionals in health care sector in the multicultural society of UAE? RQ2: What were the most difficult challenges faced? What were the least difficult challenges faced? The interview is mainly loosely structured with open-ended questions to maximize participants responses (Mack et al., 2005). Data Analysis Kvale (1996) details seven stages of conducting in-depth interviews. Verifying involves checking the credibility and validity of the information gathered. A method called triangulation is used as a means of checks and balances. Basically, one type of triangulation would be to use multiple perspectives to interpret a single set of information. Another simple way to triangulate would be to have a colleague read the transcripts to see if he/she came away with the same overall meaning (Guion, 2009). Initially, each team member was assigned a transcript, since the research sample consists of five health care facilities and the research team members are five. Each member read the assigned transcript and attempted to identify main themes. Then, as a method of credibility and validity check, triangulation was implemented. Afterwards, the research team sat together to do the final analysis. Categories were color-coded by using text highlight color. This section represents the final template of data analysis. Each title covers a broad theme and its associated categories. The initial research objectives are directly addressed by the following themes: Communication Challenge, Working Hours, Hiring Cost, Group and Team Management, Cultural Group Dominance, Failure to Adjust to the Culture, Turnover, Bias and Stereotyping, Selection Process, Emiratization. These themes provide a general outline of the research team interpretations of the interviewees perceptions. Participants in this research were referred to the as interviewees. The words of the interviewees were presented in quotes where they were italicized and bounded by double quotation marks. The final discussion section of this research report will review the research analysis entailment in relation to the research objectives and derive from the interview data a summary of perceived diversity challenges in the hiring process. Each title presents a data summary within each theme Results Research questions The results of this study have indicated that all selected hospitals have been facing challenges in the hiring process due to high rate of cultural diversity in UAE. The reported challenges were divided into major and minor ones. Some of these challenges were found to be common among the selected hospitals, like communication, hiring cost, culture group dominance, and group and team management. The minor challenges were found to be the working hours, Emiratization, failure to adjust to culture, biases and stereotyping, turnover, and selection process (certificate authentication and background check). The research questions have also uncovered new challenges that were not found in the studied literature review, for example the working hours, failure to adjust to the culture, selection process (certificate authentication and background check). Discussion The challenges were sorted under the three phases of the hiring process: recruitment, selection and orientation phases. Based on the discussed literature review, the challenges are: Diversity Challenges in Recruitment Phase Working Hours: Attracting a diversified workforce in terms of gender was found to be a challenge affected by some culture group requirements in working conditions. For example, Arabic female candidates prefer shorter working hours due to family obligations as well as cultural norms. The nature of work in the health sector requires 24/7 service which may not be suitable for females. On the other hand Naithani (2010) has reported a different set of challenges pertaining to hiring female workers. Also, it was reported that UAE national candidates want to continue their education which may conflict with the working hours. This challenge was not discussed in the researched literature review. Some locals are still studying so they cant leave the collage to work with us. With UAE fen males, it is difficult for them to accept shift jobs because they need to go home late. Cost of Hiring: The cost of hiring was found to be a common challenge in all hospitals which confirms what Mohammed Ben Rashid Al Maktoum Foundation (2008) and Naithani (2010) have reported. In terms of health sector, the problem is even bigger. Part of the cost is related to the workforce demography in UAE which is composed mainly of non-nationals. These include the cost of international advertisements, the cost of relocation (i.e. visa, air tickets, shipping allowances, and hotel accommodation), competitive compensation packages, the high cost of living, using hiring agencies abroad, and the high standard lifestyle and backgrounds of certain nationalities. The other part of the cost is related to UAE employment regulations. The Health Authority of Abu Dhabi (HAAD) regulations which require passing the licensing test for the medical jobs. The test for nurses is online however for the physicians they must take it in person inside HAAD. The hospital brings them on a visit visa to take the test and bears the accommodation and other expanses. Not all candidates pass the exam; hence the hospital takes the risk of losing such expanses. The maximum number of exam trials is three. Furthermore, security check is required by UAE immigration law before hiring any candidate they should pass the security clearance. However, not all cases are being cleared which imposes a hiring cost on the organization. We face a major problem related to the cost of hiring because first we bring the medical staff on a mission visa which costs us 1800 Dhs, tickets charges and hotel accommodation to take the exam an in many occasions they fail. We bare the cost The maximum number of trials for the exam are three, and if they fail we are unfortunate Emiratization: The challenge that was tackled by Mohammed Ben Rashid Al Maktoum Foundation (2008), as well as in this research, is related to Emiratization particularly the lack of qualified local workforce in the health care field led to the heavy dependence on non-nationals. In most cases the non-nationals are more qualified so the selected hospitals prefer to hire the expat over the local employee based on skills only. Some challenges were unique to our research findings. For example, the female UAE nationals wear the veil which conflicts with organizational policies. As a result, Emiratization efforts in the health care are challenged by this matter. In addition, as previously mentioned in the working hours theme, Emirati female candidates are repelled by the long working hours in the health sector. Moreover, Emirati workforce is more attracted to work in the governmental sector because of better packages. We do have instructions to nationalize medical positions, but local candidates prefer to apply for governmental hospitals due to better benefits. And To attract more UAE nationals, the aptitude tests differ between the non-nationals and the UAE nationals. The test runs for 30 munities for locals while 20 for non-nationals. As well as the test is easier for locals than others Diversity Challenges in Selection Phase: Communication It was found that communication is a major challenge among all selected hospitals; the same was reflected in the studied literature review (Adler, 1986; Loden Rosener, 1991). It was found as a common challenge during the interview time because some candidates do not speak English or if the interviewer is not bilingual. Because I speak only English, when I interview an Arabian candidate who doesnt speak English, I call for a translator Another part of this challenge is the necessity of selecting bilingual candidates who speak both Arabic and English to communicate easily with the patients. All the doctors must be able to speak Arabic and English to build a trust relationship with their patients. The same situation is for the nurses as they need to understand the patient language and needs. Bias and stereotyping Another challenge revealed by our research is bias and stereotyping during interviews. The HR department in one of the hospitals is made up solely of one nationality which could increase the risk of biases during interviews as the selection panel is usually a one man show. Add Drs Ref about Emiratization The nationality of the hiring committee members generally consists of the local people of the country who are having enough knowledge about the people residing in their country so the local people are usually chosen for the selection procedure. The gender does not generally matters in this procedure as the person who is recruiting should have knowledge of their sector instead of gender which is not seen in this area. The age of the committee members are aged which have great experience in their whole life which are filled with the fully filled experiences which are bad and good every time. We dont consider this problem a major one because we do make our selections based on personal qualifications requirements. I conduct all the interviews by myself. Background and Security Check Two unique challenges were uncovered by this research. First, the challenge of conducting background checks overseas because of the difficulty in checking the criminal records and the possibility of falsifying these records. Second, the slow and tedious certificate attestation process. UAE Embassies around the word have a system called IntegraScreen to make sure the certificate is authentic. As an example of the first challenge, HAAD requires the proper certificates authentication that they conduct by themselves to avoid any forged certificates. As mentioned in the previous phase of recruitment, failure to pass the security check clearance reduces the pool of candidates in the selected hospitals. HAAD also requires the proper documentations; hence they run the authentication by themselves to avoid any fraud certificates. Emiratization A final challenge in this phase is linked to Emiratization as some of the selected hospitals have tailored their selection tests (i.e. English Proficiency Test) to accommodate the deficiencies in the national workforce, for example, one of the selected hospitals and in an attempt to attract more UAE nationals have created aptitude tests which differ between the non-nationals and the UAE nationals. We make our English Test for nationals easier to attract them as part of our Emiratization program. The test runs for 30 munities for nationals while 20 for non-nationals Cultural Group Dominance The selection of the candidate is influenced by the HR department inclination towards the selection of certain nationalities like Indians and Filipinos. The selection decision is generally skewed towards candidates who fall under the interviewer nationality preference. This can partially explain the cultural group dominance. An example of this dominance, one of the selected hospitals mentioned that it has 30% of its workforce from Philippines and 20% from India. Most of them are in clerical and nursing jobs. Their majority is because they are qualified and they pass the licensing exam. Another hospital mentioned that Indians constitute almost 70% of the total workforce, in this organization all HR Department professionals are Indians. The diversity rate in our HR department is 0% Diversity Challenges in Orientation Phase: Cultural Rigidity: During the orientation training some of the new comers may remain culturally rigid against the newly introduced national culture of UAE. For example, some of them may reject the idea of adhering to the dress code which is reflecting the UAE Islamic culture. During Ramadan Time, non Muslims are not aware about prohibition of eating publically so we tell them to go for a specific room to have their lunch. Limitations of the study This research study has some limitations. Due to the lack of sufficient time and resources, the research team was not able to expand the study to other sectors and cities. Hence the study was in in a confined regional area (Abu Dhabi and Al Ain). The research team has planned to do focus group interviews with tape recordings to enable the interviewers to focus on the discussion rather than note taking, and to gather information from different perspectives. However only one or two HR personnel per hospital were available and they have all refused tape recordings. Most of the studied organizations have refused to give precise documented statistics about the level of diversity. The majority of the interviewees were from the HRs management; hence it is likely that their answers to the challenges have a negative bias. Implications for future research The newly explored challenges in this research have implications for future researches. First, as this study focused only on one sector Healthcare and in two cities (Abu Dhabi and Al Ain), future researches can study different sectors and emirates using quantitative research methodology to study those challenges in dept in order to identify their causes and help to find solutions to them. Second, this study lacks the use of focus group interviews to gain different perspective and the interviewees were mainly from the management of the HR. Hence future research can be done by interviewing focus group members with different levels of seniority. Third, this study was done only in UAE, it can be replicated to other GCC organizations to assess the level of challenges in UAE compared to other GCC and find the gaps. The study can be further expanded to include Middle East countries to asses UAEs challenges in a regional market.

Gifts of Rain :: English Literature

Gifts of Rain Seamus Heaney's poem Gifts of Rain is divided into 4 sections. These 4 sections could symbolise the stages of life which consists of birth, childhood, adulthood and death. It could also symbolise the stages of the river in which it suggests the development of the river from it's source to where it gets strong. Or of course, it could symbolise the stages of the water cycle. Water is the symbol of life, but i can also be seen as purity, freshness or youth. In this mysterious poem, Heaney takes a simple view of life and it seems almost documentary-like. The title of the poem 'Gifts of Rain' gives it a positive feeling, but although water has it's positive aspects such as lifegiving and growth, it also has it's negative aspects, such as being dangerous or even deadly. The first section of the poem has no direction and the rhythm is irregular. This suggests that the rain may come unexpectedly and starts off somewhat jaggedly. The rest of the poem flows and has rhythm and there is regularity in each section. This mimics the movement as the rain as it comes down from the clouds. The running on in the stanzas give the sense that the rain is overflowing. Although the title of the poem gives a positive feeling, the opening line "Cloudburst and steady downpour now for days" gives the effect of a monotonous image and a depressing persistance. "He begins to sense weather by his skin" portrays nature and the sense of a survivor. The animal-like image continues for the rest of the first section and the movement of that animal continues as the animal goes "uprooting" which gives the sense of nature being destructive. Heaney may have included this deliberately to show that nature is not as angelic as people may think. The end of the section highlights the poem as "Sounding. Soundings." is what Heaney's poems are all about and more precisely, what this poem is about. "A man wading lost fields breaks the pane of flood" which starts the second section gives the effect of pain and hurt. The man survives by going along with nature and resisiting it, but it also gives the effect of danger at the same time. "Like a cut swaying" carries on the effect of being deliberate, sharp and precise and "it's red spoors" and "his hands grub" continues with the theme of the animal sort of world. The "sunken drills" give the effect of digging deep and the atlantis "he depends on" gives a hint of an insecurity of life, as if

Soft Tissue Injuries Therapy Effects Health And Social Care Essay

The correlativities between tissues and high frequence sound moving ridges have been studied and suggested as a therapy for over seven decennaries now ( Wood et al. , 1927 ) . Ultrasound has become a really widely used method to handle a assortment of medical conditions from lesions to tumors ( Young & A ; Dyson. , 1990 ) and is used normally for handling soft tissue hurts. The usage of ultrasound for handling soft tissue hurts is over a million at National Health Services ( NHS ) in UK ( Haar et al. , 1985 ) . Ultrasound therapy has become the most widely used intervention for soft tissue hurts ( Speed, 2001 ) . Ultrasound is mechanical quiver of high frequence unhearable sound which gets converted into acoustic energy by mechanical distortion of piezoelectric crystal nowadays in the caput ( Haar, 1987 ) . Curative ultrasound has a frequence scope from 0.75 to 3 MHz. and ultrasound moving ridges of low frequence have higher incursion but are less in focal point, hence ultrasound of frequence 1MHz is recommended for patients who have more fat and besides for deeper hurts and 3MHz for superficial lesions ( Gann, 1991 ) . Phonophoresis and extracorporeal daze wave therapy ( ESWT ) are two ultrasound therapy signifiers used clinically ; phonophoresis uses a medicated unction which acts as a matching media ( Kanikkannan et al. , 2000 ) . ESWT uses higher energy concentration which farther could be modulated with the usage of modified lithotripter ( Loew et al. , 1999 ) . Ultrasound affects the tissues and cell in a organic structure via either thermic or non-thermal physical mechanisms ( Speed, 2001 and Young, 2002 ) . When ultrasound is given to a patient, a portion of it is absorbed taking to heat coevals within the tissues it travels through. The soaking up by the tissue depends on the frequence of ultrasound used and the tissue belongingss like the nature and the vascularization grade. Ultrasound is absorbed more by tissues wit higher protein content as compared to those with higher fat content. In some scenarios the usage of ultrasound gives bio-effects without affecting of import temperature alterations, like low strength spacial mean temporal norm ( SATA ) . To produse the non-thermal consequence in ultrasound, one or more of the physical processs cavitation, standing moving ridges and acoustic cyclosis, are used. Even though ultrasound has become an of import curative facet used in physical medical specialty, the construct of dealingss between biological system and sound moving ridges have non been explained decently ( Bradnock et al. , 1996 ) . Ultrasound is normally employed for redness decrease and tissue fix sweetening in the intervention of soft tissue harm and is most effectual on recent soft tissue lesions ( Hashish et al. , 1986 ) . There are merely some clinical appraisals available to mensurate the efficaciousness of ultrasound intervention in soft tissue harm even though it is widely used. The most common intervention given by physical therapists are for hurts related to soft tissue like those located in joint capsule, corium, sinews and ligaments ( Dyson, 1987 ) . Survey shows that within Britain, physical therapists who use ultrasound for intervention constitute 20 % in NHS and 54 % of all private intervention as in 1985 ( Haar, 1987 ) . The benefits and effects of intervention given does non acquire decently assessed unless there is sufficient scientific and clinical grounds to back up the same. This essay has been done maintaining in head this point in head and is aimed at reexamining the literatures available to measure the effectivity of utilizing ultrasound in handling soft tissue amendss and hurts. This essay is made to reexamine available literatures to measure the clinical and scientific grounds in support of utilizing ultrasound therapy in handling soft tissue hurt every bit good as to place of import countries that could be utilized in future research that could be carried out to develop and heighten the current cognition and apprehension of the topic.LITERATURE REVIEWSAs per Dyson ( 1987 ) , there are three overlapping phases in the fix of soft tissue hurts, viz. early and late ague redness, proliferation and remodeling. Young ( 2002 ) points about an highly dynamic inflammatory stage when a figure of cell s like mast cells, thrombocytes, neutrophils and macrophages come in and travel off from the affected country or lesion site. Harmonizing to the surveies, curative ultrasound has the ability to speed up the fix by interacting with these cells and command their activities ( Young 2000 ) . Harmonizing to a randomized controlled double blinded survey based on an experimental reading on human abdominal tissue conducted by Snow and Johnson ( 2003 ) indicate that the dose of curative ultrasound given to the topics did bring forth anti inflammatory consequence. However, the research worker was non confident sing the consequence and has stated farther that the clinically applied ultrasound was non better than anti inflammatory consequence produced by placebo. Harmonizing to a randomized two-base hit blinded controlled test survey done on topics following a remotion of wedged lower 3rd molar surgically with a entire engagement of 150 topics, Hashish et al. , ( 1986 ) found that the puffiness was reduced significantly in ultrasound group every bit good as placebo group in contrast with the control group which was non treated. It was besides noted that the highest anti inflammatory consequence was attained at the lowest strength ( 0.1 and 0,5 Wcm-2 ) and lowest anti inflammator y consequence was noticed at highest strength ( 1.5 Wcm-2 ) . The placebo group was besides noticed to give similar consequences that were seen at lower strength of ultrasound, which indicates the consequence of curative ultrasound consequence was comparable to placebo every bit good. The research worker besides fails to explicate if the good consequence at low frequence of ultrasound was noticed because of thermic effects or non thermic effects. Harmonizing to Dyson ( 1987 ) , mast cells and thrombocytes get activated and let go of substances like chemotactic agents which have the ability to pull to the injured country polymorph atomic leukocytes and monocytes to originate a fix when there is soft connective tissue hurt. Dyson and Young ( 1990 ) conducted an in-vitro controlled experimental survey on macrophage-like cell line. It was found that uninterrupted exposure to ultrasound for 5 proceedingss at 0.75 MHz appeared to be advantageous as compared to the same continuance for 3.0 MHz exposure, in release of fibroblast effectual substances from cells likely by bring forthing permeableness alterations. This leads to a release of performed mitogenic substances that involves stable cavitation. On the other manus, exposure to 3.0 MHz does look to excite the cell, the synthesis and secernment of fibroblast mitogenic substances go on a small subsequently by the cells normal secernment procedure. Ultrasound has the ability to excite histamine release by degranulation from the mast cell in vitro every bit good as vivo ( Hashish, 1986 and Fyfe & A ; Chahl, 1982 ) . The release of chemotactic agents is besides possible as these are besides present in the mast cells. Due to these grounds, curative ultrasound intervention is effectual if given within a few hours of the hurt. The stimulation in degranulate of mast cells with the application of ultrasound could perchance be due to increase in its permeableness to calcium as a consequence of ultrasound. At this phase of the hurt, the major chemical secreted that modifies the hurt environment is histamine ( Young, 2002 ) . Some surveies carried out by different research workers have besides shown conflicting results for the curative ultrasound in intervention of soft tissue hurts. Harmonizing to Baker ( 2001 ) , small cogent evidence is present to back up that active ultrasound therapy is more effectual in handling hurting or assorted musculoskeletal jobs than placebo. Harmonizing to a survey conducted by Middlemast & A ; Chatterjee ( 2003 ) on effectivity of curative ultrasound in intervention of soft tissue hurt concludes that curative ultrasound is really effectual in handling the status and is even more effectual if applied under 24 hours of the hurt. It farther provinces that there is an appreciable decrease in swelling every bit good with the application of ultrasound therapy. Harmonizing to Binder et Al ( 1985 ) who did a randomized controlled survey on ultrasound effectivity in handling sidelong epicondylitis, if the inflammatory province of the hurt remains for a long period so the response to ultrasound intervention is hapless. Another research carried out by Makuloluwe & A ; Mouzas ( 1977 ) that deals with intervention of sprained mortise joint indicates that ultrasound therapy is effectual in soft tissue hurt. It farther clarifies that the mechanical quivers from ultrasound increases the flow of blood, permeableness of capillaries and tissue metamorphosis. These mechanical quivers are generated by change overing high frequence jumping current generated by an electrical generator in the ultrasound. Nyanzi et Al. ( 1999 ) did a survey on the dosage and clip continuance of ultrasound and found that it had no benefit over utilizing assumed ultrasound in handling sidelong ligament sprains of the ankle articulation. Harmonizing to a survey carried by Bradn ock et Al. ( 1995 ) , low frequence ultrasound had really good consequence which showed instantly after the ultrasound therapy I intervention of mortise joint sprains. A survey carried out by Young ( 2002 ) states that the proliferative period of the healing procedure comprise of cell incursion of lesion, angiogenesis, matrix deposition, hurt decrease and re-re-epithelisation. Low & A ; Reed ( 2000 ) province that this phase of connective tissue model is accompanied by fibroblast of fresh blood vass. Dyson ( 1987 ) states that the proliferation begins after three yearss of the hurt and during this clip the cells are attracted to the cut and fresh blood vass are regenerated. The connective tissue matrix chiefly produces fibroblasts and contributes toward wound contraction. The curative ultrasound when right applied is expected to rush up the fix procedure by impacting the endothelial cells which is required for angiogenesis. The contraction rate can be accelerated by application of curative ultrasound therapy to the hurt during its sensitive phase ( Dyson, 1987 ) . At this phase, contractile myofibroblast temporarily develops and the contraction leads to the decrease in the size of the lesion. Ultrasound therapy may besides act upon the contraction of the lesion via effects from macrophages that in bend accelerates the production of contractile cells in the injured country. Barry et Al. ( 1990 ) carried out an experimental survey based on effects of ultrasound therapy for handling Achilles sinews in mice and noticed that there was an addition in the synthesis of collagen in the treated sinews as compared with the sinew that was non treated and the consequences showed consistence with the addition in collagen synthesis and better strength of the repaired sinew. Dyson and Pond ( 1970 ) conducted a controlled experimental test on pinnule of coney ear and concluded that ultrasound therapy AIDSs in tissue regeneration. They farther added that the most effectual application for maximal tissue regeneration was noticed when pulsed ultrasound was given at 3MHz. they ruled out any the function of thermic effects in regeneration of tissues. They noticed that when ultrasound was applied to connective tissues so a morphological change in fibroblast cells was found that could be associated to the accelerated coevals of the units of molecular constituent of collagen. Dyson & A ; Young ( 1990 ) conducted an experimental controlled survey on lesions in grownup rat ‘s wing tegument after exposing to 0.1 tungstens / square centimeter SAT, and frequence of 0.75 MHz or 3.0 MHz of ultrasound therapy. A really high grade of vascularization was found in the two groups treated with ultrasound than the control group. It besides confirmed that the early stage of fix is accelerated by the usage of ultrasound. But, after 7 yearss of intervention, there was no important difference between the treated and the control group. They besides concluded that ultrasound given at 0.75 MHz. had better consequence than 3 MHz, bespeaking a possible engagement of non-thermal ultrasound constituent. Harvey et Al. ( 1975 ) conducted a controlled experimental survey on human fibroblast and indicated that the protein synthesis in fibroblast could be stimulated by the usage of curative ultrasound. They besides indicated that extremist structural alterations like permeableness alteration which has possible part in stimulation mechanism are besides induced by the intervention. Webster et Al. ( 1980 ) did a in-vitro controlled survey on human embryologic fibroblast and stated that the physical mechanism of cavitation is involved in actuating the synthesis of proteins in fibroblast when curative ultrasound is applied. They besides indicated that the the fibroblast stimulation gets suppressed with the application of force per unit area of 2 ambiance in the irradiation procedure. It therefore suggests that the responsible physical mechanism is nil but cavitation. Dyson and Young ( 1990 ) reported macrophage that generate fibroblast mitogenic factor could be stimulated by ultrasound therapy using the important function played by cell line U937in wound repairing moving as a scavenger cell in the debridement of lesions every bit good as a beginning of of import factors that stimulate the fix. Dyson and Sucking ( 1987 ) performed a randomised controlled test survey on worlds with chronic ulcer andA A foundA that tissue fix is causedA due toA alteration in diffusion rate and membrane permeableness obtained as a consequence of acoustic steaming and warming doing stimulation of tissue fix byA alteringA the clip taken for protein synthesisA .and besides found that cavitationA leads to alter in the protein synthesis by fibroblast. A In the survey conducted by Young ( 2002 ) it is found that remodelling stage of woundA tooks longer or less timeA depending upon theA A A the nature of tissue involved in the hurt as due to injuryA change inA A the tensile strength. collegen content, cellular nature of lesion occurs. Webster et Al, . ( 1980 ) conducted a controlled experimental survey designA and found that collagen synthesis in human fibroblastA occurs due to cavitation consequence obtained by ultrasound application in vitro, diploidA , embryonicA fibroblast of human. .It is besides ascertained thatA addition in tensile strength and granulation tissue formation occurs due to increased collagen synthesis. IncreasedA tensile strength and absorptionA capacity of sinew caused due to applicationA of uninterrupted ultrasound is observedA by an experimental controlled survey done by Enwemeka et al. , ( 1990 ) A who treatedA right tendo-calcaneous of coney with uninterrupted ultrasound.Researcher concluded that high strength sonication is non required to enhanceA A mending strength of sinew. Though this findingA is different for worlds. InA another experimental survey performed by Barry et al. , ( 1990 ) on Achilles sinew hurts in rats it is observed that ultrasound enhances the rate of sinew fix when uninterrupted ultrasound therapy of 1.5 Watt / square metre is applied on rat Achilles sinew. ThisA consequence may be found different for worlds.Critical analysis of the literatureTo heighten the application of ultrasound, specifically concentrating the patient attention for people enduring from soft tissue hurts, a systematic analysis and reexamine all facets of available survey was done. Thi s was carried out in order to happen out if the consequences and effects inferred by assorted surveies done antecedently in the same field render biological principle that could be taken into history for the application of ultrasound for soft tissue hurts. Baker et al. , ( 2001 ) carried out a reappraisal on bio-physical effects of curative ultrasound. The research worker brought frontward the fact that the by and large characterized ultrasound ‘s biophysical effects do non happen in vivo ; nor has the same been confirmed to possess any clinical impact under described scenarios. The survey besides suggests the absence of bio-physical groundss that can function as scientific land for curative ultrasound usage for attention among patients who suffer with soft tissue hurts. However, most of the surveies carried out on the capable affair by assorted research workers have explained the biological effects of ultrasound with the usage of vitro surveies. For case, Webster D F et al. , ( 1980 ) performed an experimental in-vitro controlled survey on primary, diploid human embryologic fibroblast. The survey was carried out to happen the function of ultrasound induced cavitation in the in vitro stimulation of collagen synthesis in human fibroblasts. It was found that collagen synthesis was stimulated similar to general protein synthesis with the application of ultrasound-induced cavitation. Such an extrapolation of consequences that were derived in-vitro to intact tissue behaviour, treated at similar curative ultrasound degree had to be approached meticulously. Prior to this survey there was no other survey to strongly show cavitation in tissues with curative degree of ultrasound that were treated in-vivo. However, it can be commented that cavitation that stimu lates protein synthesis in-vitro stimulation in human fibroblasts might non be aroused in-vivo. Furthermore, application of the consequences from the survey would non be possible on human tissue because of the changing environmental conditions and the existent consequence could seldom occur, when the human organic structures own defensive mechanism takes control. Per Baker et al. , ( 2001 ) , extrapolation of in vitro surveies to in vivo scenarios by allowing for reasonable impact of homoeostatic mechanism of the organic structure and by commanding and supplying similar dose would be a hard undertaking to achieve. Barry et al. , ( 1990 ) carried a research on the consequence of ultrasound therapy on the Achillies tendon fix hurts that was experimented on rats. The research worker must hold experienced issues wile generalizing the rats study on human tissues due to aforesaid issues of differences in tissue constructions, difference in sizes etc. Ultrasound enacts otherwise in different environments, even though all attempts are made by the research worker to supply curative ultrasound dosage during experimentation and license for chairing impact of human organic structure ‘s homeostatic mechanism. Similarly, Young and Dyson ( 1990 ) performed a survey to find the impact of ultrasound on angiogenesis. It was done to look into the consequence of curative ultrasound on new blood cells formation in full thickness, exercised lesions in wing teguments of the grownup rats and was assessed utilizing micro focal X ray techniques. There was no reference of the manner of ultrasound used for the survey – that is whether the ultrasound manner was uninterrupted or pulse. Explanation was non provided by the research worker sing the physical mechanism of ultrasound that was involved in the survey for stimulation of angiogenesis. Further there is a high possibility of job that must hold been experienced during the survey while generalizing carnal survey on human tissues. ADecisionWith the recent promotion in medical and healthcare engineerings, the handiness of relatively cheaper, little and portable handheld diagnostic medical equipments, there has been a wide-spread usage of ultrasoun d for the intervention of soft tissue hurts. Basically, Ultrasound is the usage of acoustic energy that increments cellular protein synthesis by originating cellular activity. At a cellular degree, it stimulates mechanical quivers for micro indulgent intervention at cellular degree with the usage of high frequence sound moving ridges and is really effectual for the intervention of soft tissue hurts, joint conditions and chronic instances. The usage of ultrasound instigates mending of surgical lesions and sores by cut downing puffinesss and handling them with minimum fibrosis and heightening vascularization. Numerous surveies have assessed chronic chapters or the 1s where the intervals have non been mentioned and there are deductions of ultrasound ‘s important importance in the usage of first phases of an hurt. As a affair of pick, to relieve musculus cramp and hurting that will increment tissue extensibility, ultrasound can be conspicuously be used because of its healing effec ts. Ultrasound can besides be used in combination with stretching exercisings to derive optimum tissue length ( Reed & A ; Ashikaga, 1997 ) . In the normal articulatio genus ligament ( Ellis, 1962 ) , and in cicatrix tissue ( Noyes et al, . 1974 ) , the usage of thermic doses of ultrasound has shown lengthening. When the tissue is heated to an appropriate temperature, application of ultrasound increases the opportunity to widen the tissues last for 10 proceedingss, A A A prior to the targeted tissue coming back to normal temperature ( Frankel & A ; Nordin, 1980 ) . It is of extreme importance to do certain that the mechanicalA consequence of low-frequency ultrasound and thermalA consequence of high-frequency ultrasound are maintained moderately good. Perfusion, hurt granulation acceleration, hurt cleaning and metabolic intensification are included under the physiological consequences of low frequence ultrasound. It is notable that optimum curative effectivity of ultrasound can be achieved at dosage ( W/cm2 ) andA dose ( series and frequence of application ) . Mechanism of interconnectedness and coaction between biological systems and sound moving ridges stands to be inconclusive, even though legion outstanding researches have been done to understand the physical, psychological and physiological systems implicated to ultrasound therapy intervention. Although several important trials and surveies have been done in-vitro every bit good as on animate beings to understand the biological effects of ultrasound, ill-defined enigma prevails about the ultrasound therapy action in instances of soft tissue hurts that still need to be ventured into. Similarly, to apologize the biological impacts in usage of curative ultrasound, there are deficient groundss available. There needs to transport out more strict in vivo surveies and researches to cognize these inside informations that can assist to utilize ultrasound in a more optimum mode to handle soft tissue injuries.A ( Word Count: 3371 )

Cmo inversin inmobiliaria calificara para visa E-2

Cmo inversin inmobiliaria calificara para visa E-2 Una duda muy comà ºn entre personas extranjeras que desean obtener una visa de inversià ³n para vivir en Estados Unidos es si una inversià ³n inmobiliaria da derecho o no a optar por la visa E-2. La respuesta es clara. En principio, no. Excepto si se le da la forma que se necesita para cumplir con los requisitos legales y econà ³micos que imponen las leyes migratorias.  ¿Quà © requisitos se necesitan para que las inversià ³n inmobiliaria permita para calificar para la visa E-2? La ley dice que para calificar para la visa E-2 de inversià ³n se tiene que crear o comprar un negocio que tiene que ser real y activo.   Pero,  ¿cà ³mo entender esos requerimientos? La mejor forma es a travà ©s de ejemplos. Cundo la inversià ³n inmobiliaria NO califica para la visa E-2 Es comà ºn que una persona extranjera compre uno o varios inmuebles en Estados Unidos, desde su paà ­s o aprovechando una visita a Estados Unidos con una visa de turista. Por ejemplo, que invierta medio millà ³n de dà ³lares en un condominio en Miami porque le gusta viajar   de vacaciones a esa ciudad. Esta situacià ³n no califica para la visa de inversià ³n. En otro ejemplo, un extranjero compra varios apartamentos por un valor de un millà ³n de dà ³lares con la idea de que con el tiempo incrementar su valor y que podr venderlos por ms dinero que el abonado por su compra. En este caso, tampoco se califica. En ninguno de esos ejemplos se trata de un negocio real y activo. Entonces,  ¿quà © es eso? Ejemplos de inversiones inmobiliarias que sà ­ califican para la E-2 Para cumplir con los requisitos de las leyes migratorias debe: tratarse de un negocio real, no de una mera inversià ³nla persona que solicita la visa E-2 debe dirigir el negocio El negocio debe repercutir favorablemente en la economà ­a de los Estados Unidos Un ejemplo de ello serà ­a, por ejemplo, el caso en el que una persona extranjera compra por valor de $300 mil dà ³lares unos apartamentos y se dedica al negocio de rentarlos favoreciendo a la economà ­a al crear empleo americano contratando a personal de seguridad, limpieza, etc. Otro ejemplo serà ­a el caso en el que el inversor se dedica a comprar inmuebles en mal estado, a repararlos y a venderlos. Tendrà ­a que gestionar el negocio y el requisito de repercutir favorablemente en la economà ­a se cumplirà ­a contratando a empresas americanas para llevar a cabo las reparaciones. Por lo tanto, lo importante no es que se trate de una inversià ³n inmobiliaria o no ni siquiera es tan importante el monto, lo fundamental es que se trate de un negocio real y activo y que tenga un efecto favorable en la economà ­a estadounidense. Y todos esos requisitos se prueban con un aspecto fundamental del proceso de peticià ³n de la visa: el plan de negocios. Ese es un punto fundamental que el oficial consular va a analizar con lupa antes de decidir si aprueba la solicitud de visa. A tener en cuenta antes de solicitar una visa E-2 No todos los extranjeros pueden solicitar este tipo de visa. Es necesario ser ciudadano de un paà ­s que tiene firmado con Estados Unidos un contrato bilateral de visas de inversià ³n. No confundir con un Tratado de Libre Comercio, ya que nada tienen que ver. Si no se tiene ciudadanà ­a de un paà ­s incluido en el listado, olvidarse de la E-2 y examinar otras posibles opciones como la green card por inversià ³n o la L-1 de transfer en el caso de tener ya una empresa en el paà ­s de residencia habitual. Si se reà ºne el requisito de la nacionalidad, es el momento de prestar atencià ³n a otros puntos de la E-2. Por ejemplo, es necesario que se trate de una inversià ³n en un negocio, siendo posibles toda clase de opciones. Incluso la cantidad a invertir no est definida y va a depender del tipo de negocio. El inversor que solicita la visa debe darle al negocio la forma jurà ­dica que ms le convenga. Pero en el caso de que el negocio pertenezca a ms de una persona, tener presente siempre que para obtener la visa E-2 hay que ser propietario al menos del 51 por ciento del negocio. Por lo tanto no sirve en el caso de hermanos o socios que se dividen las acciones de la empresa  al 50 por ciento o menos. Antes de solicitar la visa hay que hacer pasos importantes, como constituir la empresa o, en su caso, comprarla, girar dinero a Estados Unidos a la cuenta corporativa, llevar a cabo contratos de arrendamiento, elaborar el plan de negocios, etc. Y sà ³lo luego despuà ©s se solicita al consulado o embajada la visa E-2. Como muchos elementos del negocio se deben poner en marcha antes de saber si se obtiene la visa es recomendable hacer un pago mediante el sistema de escrow cuando se compre un negocio, y que el pago al vendedor quede condicionado a que la visa se obtiene. Y si lo que se busca no es una visa sino una tarjeta de residencia, conocida tambià ©n como green card, tener en cuenta que el camino no es la E-2 sino una EB-5, cuyos requisitos son ms severos, pero es indudable que brinda ms ventajas para las personas interesadas en mudarse, con sus familias, a los Estados Unidos. Finalmente, para tramitar la visa E-2 es recomendable contar con un abogado especialista en este tipo de visas y que pueda demostrar un rà ©cord excelente en su tramitacià ³n. Son visas muy especializadas y no todos los abogados tienen el conocimiento ni la experiencia. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Tree Seedling or Sapling Transplant Instructions

Tree Seedling or Sapling Transplant Instructions Homeowners often need to move or transplant trees within the yard. Trees may have been planted too thickly or threaten to out-grow available space. Size is a critical factor in transplanting. The larger a tree, the more difficult it is to transplant. If you have a small tree growing near your house, driveway, or patio, visualize it at full size and decide now if it must one day be moved. The longer you ignore it, the less likely you will be able to save the tree. Difficulty: Average Time Required: Takes approximately an hour to dig tree and replant tree (including prep time) What You Need: Planting or transplanting spadeAvailable water and mulch How to Transplant The perfect day to move your tree is when the humidity is high during early spring but just before its leaves begin to bud out. While roots take up most of a trees moisture, leaves will give moisture up through evaporation when under stress. Avoid moving trees with leaves.Preplanning helps! If you know a tree is to be moved in advance, root pruning will greatly increase the chances of successful transplanting. By severing the roots at or just beyond the drip line of the tree to be moved, the long unbranched roots will be broken. This prompts re-growth of new roots near the main trunk. It takes two to three seasons to fully root prune a tree  but can help even as early as six months. This will compact the existing root system and increase the trees chances of survival once it is moved.Younger and thus smaller is better. Increasing the size of a tree increases the effort it takes to transplant. It also decreases a trees chance of survival if not done properly. Leave moving trees over 4 inches in trunk diameter to the professionals. It is easier to transplant small stemmed trees and they will overcome the transplant shock much easier and quicker. Each tree you move needs a protective root ball for proper transplanting. Small root balls (up to about 12-14 inches in diameter) can be done with an ordinary spade. You want to preserve as much of the soil surrounding the feeder roots as you can. The feeder roots are located only in the upper few inches of the soil so be very careful with that portion of the ball.It is important that you have already prepared your planting site and that conditions are correct for successful growth. The tree you dig should not be exposed to the elements for very long. Be sure the tree will be able to reach full maturity without competition and provide a site where soil is deep, fertile, and well-drained.Dig the planting hole deep enough to accommodate roots without twisting and breaking either the roots or the soil ball. The hole should be as deep as the root ball and the tree roots transplanted to a depth approximating its original level.Follow these planting instructions and make sure you correctly mulch and water the transplanted tree. It is extremely important that the newly planted tree has adequate initial moisture and that it is maintained. Do not fertilize the tree for one year. Tips An approximate rule of thumb is to use a root ball 20 times the diameter of the trunk (as measured just above the basal flare) for trunks up to 1/2 of an inch in diameter, 18 times the diameter of the trunk for 1/2 -1 inch diameter trunks, 16 times the trunk diameter for trunks 1-1 1/2 inches in diameter, 14 times the trunk diameter for trunks 1 1/2 - 2 1/2 inches in diameter, and 12 times the trunk diameter for trunks 2 1/2-4 inches in diameter. For most trees and shrubs, the root ball depth should be about 8 inches for a 12 inch diameter root ball, ranging up to about 18 inches for a 48 inch diameter root ball.

Role of the US Government in the Acceleration of the Advancement of Essay

Role of the US Government in the Acceleration of the Advancement of Computers - Essay Example The electronic computr has been approximately for over a half-century, but its intimates have been approximately for 2000 years. However, only in the last 4 decades has it changed the American society which resulted from U.S government policies towards the advancements of computrs. From the 1st wooden "abacus" to the latest high-speed "microprocessor chip", the computr has altred nearly every aspect of people's lives for the bettr. The outburst of "World War II" twisted a desperate need for computing capability, particularly for the military. New weapons' systems were created which required trajectory tables and other indispensable data. In 1942, John P. Eckert, John W. Meauchley, and their associates at the "University of Pennsylvania" detrmined to build a high-speed electronic computr to do the job. This machine became recognized as "ENIAC", for "Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator". It may well multiply two numbers at the tempo of 300 products per second, by finding the value of each product from a multiplication table stored in its memory. ""ENIAC"" was consequently about 1,000 times quicker than the preceding generation of computrs (Dolotta, 47). "ENIAC" used 18,000 standard vacuum tubes, engaged 1800 square feet of floor space, and used about 180,000 watts of electricity. (Ceruzzi, 36) The input and output was done by punched-card. The "ENIAC" was very complicated to program because one had to fundamentally re-wire it to execute whatever task he required the computr to do. It was, though, well-organized in handling the particular programs for which it had been planned. "ENIAC" is normally accepted as the 1st victorious high-speed electronic digital computr and was used in various applications from 1946 to 1955 (Dolotta, 50). Mathematician John von Neumann was very fascinated in the "ENIAC". In 1945 he undertook a hypothetical study of computation that confirmed that a computr could have a very straightforward and yet be able to perform any kind of computation effectively by means of appropriate programmed control devoid of the need for any changes in hardware. Von Neumann came up with incredible ideas for methods of building and organizing practical, fast computrs. These ideas, which came to be referred to as the stored-program technique, became essential for future generations of high-speed digital computrs and were across the world adopted. The 1st gesture of modern programmed electronic computrs to take benefit of these improvements appeared in 1947. This group incorporated computrs using random access memory (RAM), which is a memory designed to give almost steady access to any particular portion of information. This equipment used punched-card or punched-tape input and output devices and RAM's of thousand-word capability. Physically, they were much more compact than "ENIAC": some were regarding the size of a grand piano and required two thousand five hundred small electron tubes. This was fairly a development over the earlier machines. The 1st generation stored-program computrs required considerable maintenance, usually attained 70% to 80% reliable operation, and were used for 8 to 12 years. Typically, they were programmed directly in machine language, although by the mid-1950s progress had been made in several aspects of advanced programming. This group of machines included "EDVAC "and "UNIVAC ", the 1st

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 170

Summary - Essay Example Moreover, the estimated sales of trophy industry is $3 billion per year in the United States and Canada. After several years studying, Po Bronson and Merryman found out that awards can be motivational to children but â€Å"nonstop recognition will cause them to underachieve†. In addition, Carol Dweck, a psychology professor at Stanford University, found out that children like to hear praises but when they experienced failure, â€Å"they’d rather cheat than risk failing again.† Bradley Morris and Shannon Zentall found out in their experiment that children who heard praise tend to focus on their mistakes afterwards. Children can clearly distinguish between excellent work and poor work by age 4 or 5 and they give up because of knowing the fact that everyone will get rewarded but not due to their outperformance. Actually, kids enjoy competition. But if there are no difficulties and distinctions, there will be no motivation for them. Merryman says that if she was a baseball coach, she will only have three awards and give them a list which will guide them to achieve the awards. Moreover, she argues that when we punish children, â€Å"we must consider their individual levels of cognitive and emotional development.† But when it comes to reward, treat everyone differently is appropriate and will bring positive effect to the children. She also mentioned how a parent was angry when some league announced there will be no trophy be given out. Her anger came up because she knows that children value those trophies and will do anything to win them. Jean Twenge found that college students who have numbers of participation trophies think they only need to show up to achieve success. She said that failure is very common and children should learn this. Merryman concludes that we should teach children how to deal with failure and get rid of trophies since it is their right to lose (Merryman,