Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 19

Case Study Example Some of the critical symptoms include appetite loss, weight loss, dulled mental ability, increased cough, hemoptysis, a history of lung cancer and tobacco abuse, wheezing, and muscle weakness. Apart from the abnormal figures obtained from the examination of the patient, there are other abnormal laboratory results. For instance, such patients also have levels of glucose that are above normal (hyperglycemia) with levels of sodium in some cases being below normal (hyponatremia) (Aladesanmi et al., 2005). Based on the presenting symptoms, laboratory findings and radiographic evidence, the patient’s diagnosis is lung cancer with hypercalcemia as a complication. The patient had elevated levels of PTH-rP which has been associated with shortened survival times. Additionally, another study revealed that hypercalcemia-leucocytosis syndrome is associated with paraneoplastic syndrome which is an indicator of poorer outcome in patients of lung cancer (Hiraki, et al., 2004). Therefore the prognosis is grave. The girl is suffering from Vitamin D deficiency which has resulted in rickets. According to Berman (2002), children who presented to the hospital with a deficiency of Vitamin D often have stunted growth with bow legs. In some cases, such patients will have a history of having the disease within their family. The laboratory test revealed that the girl had abnormally low levels of calcium in her blood (hypocalcemia). The patient has a history of taking mil, and this eliminates the possibility of the cause of the hypocalcemia being dietary. The follow up laboratory tests on 25-hydroxy Vit.D and 1, 25 dihydroxy Vit.D were to evaluate the amount of these substances in blood. These substances particularly 1, 25 dihydroxy Vit D is responsible for regulation of blood calcium levels (Children’s health, 2010) . It does this by stimulating the absorption of calcium from the intestines.

Raleigh’s Guiana Essay Example for Free

Raleigh’s Guiana Essay In 1594, Sir Walter Raleigh was sent to Guyana, present day Venezuela. While in Guiana, he captured a Spanish aristocrat named Sarmiento de Gamboa. In Guiana, Sarmiento de Gamboa told Raleigh of the legend of El Dorado, which is a golden kingdom, supposedly hidden in South America. Sir Walter Raleigh was interested in finding El Dorado, but he was more interested in a real English foothold on the American continent that would be an effective challenge to Spanish power in the area. He felt that El Dorado would be an ideal base for England. His fleet set sail in 1595. When they arrived to South America, Sir Walter Raleigh and his men traveled up the Orinoco and Caroni Rivers, as well as Cumana, Trinidad, and the Venezuelan Coast. The expedition was more of a misfortune and it achieved little, but in 1596 Sir Walter Raleigh returned to England to write The Discovery of the Large, Rich and Beautiful Empire of Guyana. (Britannica) In† The Discovery of the Large, Rich and Beautiful Empire of Guyana, Sir Walter Raleigh provides a convincing argument for colonizing the Guyana. His first argument was that Guiana might have wonders and riches for England to use. â€Å"In Guiana itself I never saw marcasite; but all the rocks, mountains, all stones in the plains, woods, and by the rivers sides, are in effect thorough-shining, and appear marvelous rich; which, being tried to be no marcasite, are the true signs of rich minerals, but are no other than El madre del oro, as the Spaniards term them, which is the mother of gold, or, as it is said by others, the scum of gold. Of divers sorts of these many of my company brought also into England, every one taking the fairest for the best, which is not general.† (pg. 1203) In other colonies gold was found, after exploring Guiana, Raleigh still felt may be gold in Guiana. That is one of the reasons; Raleigh felt England should conquer Guiana. The Spanish conquered the Incas and Aztecs and other lands in both North and South America. By conquering the Americas the Spanish found gold, silver, sugar, and other econo mically profitable items. These profitable items made Spain have a successful economy with a great deal of money, assets, valuable natural resources and expensive materials. Raleigh felt that if England had a colony in the Americas England would have a stronger economy than Spain. His second argument plays towards the English beliefs towards the Native Americans. He describes the Amazonians as blood thirsty and cruel, which is what some English people believed Native Americans were. â€Å"It was further told to me, that if in the wars they took me prisoners that they used to accompany with those also at what time soever, but in the end for certain they put them to death: for they said to be cruel and blood thirsty, especially to such as offer to invade their territories.† (pg. 1206) In order to promote the colonization of a land, Raleigh had to appease the English nobles who believed Native Americans were blood thirsty and cruel. Although, Sir Walter Raleigh believed that the Native Americans were important people who should be respected. His third argument is Guiana has a good defense against the enemies. Sir Walter Raleigh felt it would be a perfect military fortress for England, as well as an outpost. â€Å"Guiana hath but one entrance by the sea, if it hath that, for any vessels of burden. So as whosoever shall first possess it, it shall be found inaccessible for any enemy, except he come in wherries, barges, or canoes, or else in flat-bottomed boats†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 1210) Raleigh wanted a secure position in the Americas in which the English can effectively challenge the Spanish. During this time, the English and the Spanish were colonizing in the Americas, Africa, and Asia to build their empires. Spain was colonizing rapidly and the English were also trying to economically benefit from the â€Å"New World.† Raleigh felt El Dorado’s formidable design would help the English defeat the Spanish and he felt El Dorado was in Guiana. His final argument is the Spanish are cruel to the Native Americans and that is something England doesn’t promote. â€Å"For he cannot but know how his predecessors, yea, how his own great uncles, Guascar and Atabalipa, sons to Guiana-Capac, emperor of Peru, were, while they contended for the empire, beaten out by the Spaniards, and that both of late years and ever since the said conquest, the Spaniards have sought the passages and entry of his country; and of their cruelties used to the borderers he cannot be ignorant.† (pg. 1211) Sir Walter Raleigh believed that the Spanish’s policies towards the Native Americans were outrageous and the Queen should assist the Native Americans. Earlier in his life, Sir Walter Raleigh commissioned a writer named Richard Hakluyt to describe the â€Å"the Americas as a promised land of honey, venison, palm trees, wine, sassafras (a cure for VD), gold and red copper. Hakluyt saw America as a panacea for unemployment. Prisons could be emptied of criminals who could then be transported to this New World. He insisted the Spanish genocidal policies were an outrage and that the Queen should give every assistance the Native Americans.† (Britannica) Sir Walter Raleigh never got Queen Elizabeth’s approval for a settlement in Guiana, but he provided a persuasive argument for colonizing Guyana. His arguments in The Discovery of the Large, Rich and Beautiful Empire of Guyana† were Guiana has wonders and riches, the Native Americans are conquerable, Guiana has a good defense against the enemies, and the Spanish are cruel to the Native Americans and that is something England doesn’t promote. Although, Sir Walter Raleigh’s main reasons for conquering Guiana, modern day Venezuela, are gold and gaining a military fortress, he also was interested in helping the Native Americans.

Statistics and Overview of Phishing Attacks

Statistics and Overview of Phishing Attacks Mansour Aljedani Is a form of criminal conduct which constitutes a growing threat to users financial institutions, and businesses, internet users and social media. Because it does not appear that the risks and damage to phishing in decline in but on the contrary it is becoming increasingly complex, the implementation of the law and government agencies and the private sector at the global level it has to cooperate in their efforts to combat phishing. Where the advent of the Internet and expansion in the computer-based technology in the modern days the number of Internet users has increased in the past few years and this means the threats we are going to face them they grown. Development of means of computer hackers day after day, to deceive others in order to obtain their password or any sensitive information one of the most important of these tricks is spread recently across social media sites and e-mail known as (Phishing Attack). Phishing also it called electronic fraud, it means the person or spoofing, cheating the company by sending an e-mail message claiming to be from the regular company liked to the recipients of the message to the company, and asks him to get some personal information such as bank account details, Passwords, credit card details [1].These are some of the institutions and companies that are struggling trolling all over the world, Anti-Phishing Working Group (APWG), China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC),Anti-Phishing Alliance of China (APAC) and private sources across the world. My opinion, Is a person or deception, cheating the company by sending an e-mail message claiming that it is a regular company linked to the recipients of the letter to the company, and asks him to get some personal information such as bank account details, passwords and credit card detailsetc. This is done in several ways, most notably: the demand to respond to the message, or put a link in the message to page a fake, and then uses the information to access to bank accounts over the Internet, or access to corporate sites that request personal data to allow access to the site. Anti-Phishing system issued a number of times about the attack on the computers of users of Kaspersky Lab program has been a number of attacks in 2016 32,363,492 times, which is 2.6 million less than the previous quarter. Overall 8.7% of the attacked Kaspersky Lab users by phishers in 2016 [2]. 2.1. Geography OF attacks Most of the country that may be affected by the attacks on users in 2016 are China and the percentage of those who attacked by (20.22%) [2]. Figure 1Geography of phishing attacks The number of users that have been employed on the anti-phishing system and the photo shows the total number of users of Kaspersky Lab in the country. The proportion of the attack in Brazil told by a 2.87 18.63% supplied to Brazil in second place in the standings. And it finished third in the State of Algeria (14.3%) after a 2.92 increase in their share from the previous quarter. The number of attacks in Russia to 7.74% in the third quarter and 7.16%, followed by Canada, the United States 6.56% and the United Kingdom 6.42%ÂÂ   [2]. 2.2. TOP 3 attacked organizations The fraudsters focus on the most popular sites, to increase their chances of a successful phishing attack. Many of half of all undiscovered element Kaspersky Lab heuristic anti-phishing is a phishing pages hiding behind less than 15 company names [2]. 2.3. Proportion of spam in email traffic in 2015 In 2015, the proportion of spam in e-mail traffic 55.28%, which is 11.48Lower than a year earlier percentage points [3]. Figure 2 the proportion of spam in email traffic, 2015 In the first months of the beginning of the 2015 drop was recorded, 61.68% in January to 53.63% in April. 2.4. Sources of spam by country in 2015 There was a slight change to the top three spam sources, in 2015: China has been low since the issuance of the decision of non-spam messages in which the proportion of the country published by 0.59 percentage points China dropped to fourth place at the rate of (6.12%). Vietnam ranked third by (6.13%), and got a 1.92 percentage points. Russia remained in second place by (6.15%) and an increase of 0.22 percentage points. The United States got in the first place, and maintained by arrangement (15.16%), despite a decline of 1.5 percentage points [3]. Figure 3 Sources of spam by country 2.5. The size of spam emails in 2015 Figure 4 The size of spam emails in 2015 In 2015 e-mail messages is desired proportion (less than 2 kilobytes), and averaged 77.26%, while the e-mail messages to the size 2-5 KB decreased to 9.08% [3]. It supports the use of phishing e-mails containing false links to websites aim to get internet user information, but in the recent years, phishing process has evolved to include new techniques to gain access to victims, these are some of them:- 3.1. Clone Phishing In this genre, the scammer constructing electronic mail or reproduced link from email legitimate, and within the email are replaced by the link with malicious copy and then send it via e-mail spoofed so that it appears its coming from the same transmitter, it does so to get the personal information from the victim. It may claim to be a re-send of the original or an updated version to the original [4]. 3.2. Spear Phishing It is a type phishing is it carefully and determine prior these people. Usually the victim is a company or group of dignitaries. Worksite looked like 100% commercial site and be content page request information or enter data update or add a credit card, and sends the message exactly similar to the messages the company or organization and be content in the request on the link to update the data [4]. Figure 5 Clone Phishing The image that is shown above is explaining for Prankster fraud link. 4.1. Email Spoofing It is that the scammer claims to be a legitimate sender, sends a message makes victims believed in the instructions for taking the style used deceptively sends e-mail message fake with a simple change of legitimate e-mail in order to trick recipients. Where fraud Email Sender because it did not contain because of Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) [4]. 4.2. Web Spoofing Can prankster set up a Web site that looks similar to a legitimate site, and also makes the victim believe this is the site and this makes the victim enter passwords and personal information the goes into the prankster [4]. 4.2.1. How attack works The attacker failed continent goes process, be between the Web and the victim and had the nickname of this type (man in the middle attack) in information security. However, the victim requested access to the site through a browser on the Internet, such as Google Chrome‎ or Firefox etc. by typing the address URL, for example, (www.yahoo.com) the firstÂÂ   part of a www and Part II DNS (yahoo.com). Also in addition to that when he enters the victim to the site asks your browser commonly used DNS to determine IP address of the host (www) in the field (yahoo.com). The first trick is do it scammer instead of the real Web server, for example, the title of real URL is http://www.yahoo.com and the scammer rewrites address URL to add http://www.Phisheing.com to the front part URL http://www.Phisheing.com http://www.yahoo.com and the victim will think that the browser (Phisheing.com) is a web server and then will ask for it [5]. See fig 6 for more details. Figure 6 Web Spoofing 4.3. DNS Cache Poisoning DNS cache poisoning is a way to feed the local DNS cache of replacement of the incorrect records works DNS through UDP and easy to spoof the source address of the UDP packet [6]. The hacker change the real IP for the IP address it on its own DNS address [6]. 4.3.1. How attack works The hacker amendment cache server DNS to IP address fake. When catching the victim wants to get to (www.bing.com), the browser will ask DNS cache to providing IP address. Here it will be IP address leads to the victim the fake website that is provided by the hacker to steal information from the victim. This type is usually when hacker attacks DNS server and modify IP address. More is known about these cause problems and called the attack (Pharming). Figure 7 DNS Cache Poisoning The hacker attacks the DNS server for modification the ligament IP address to his IP address, which gives him to steal information from the victims. 5.1. Phishing Attack on Facebook Has been detected by some information security experts say there are attacks in the name of cyber-attack are spread too quickly reduce that there is a victim every 20 seconds. It was found that up messages to Facebook users from people who have jobs on the social network, that this letter to steal user accounts will be published infection for a way to send the message to the victim and his friends. Between the 24th and 27th June, things were going well and suddenly received thousands of Facebook users a message from a friend mentioned in the comments, explains the cyber security company. It was, in fact, the start of the message from the attackers to attack the two phases the first phase downloading by the victim of the virus Trojan on your computer. The second phase steals account when you log on again to Facebook. The injured nearly 10,000 Facebook account in Europe, Tunisia, and South America, often occurring in Brazil, does not show that the incident had reached the United Kingdo m [7]. 5.2. Attack on the site Natfilex Some security experts discovered FireEye that have been targeted users Netflix by pranksters in the deception campaign, The plan was a steal credit cards to subscribers in the Netflix and other personal information using modern techniques with a strong attack. The beginning of the attack is to send a message via e-mail require users Netflix entry on the link that leads to the registration page like the truth, Then ask users to update their personal information such as invoice numbers and payment and Date of Birth etc., before being transferred to a site Netflix Forensic [8]. Figure 8 Attack on the site Natfilex An example of a spoofed page that appears from Netflix, which asks the user to enter Username and Password. 5.3. Phishing Attack on Dropbox The use of Dropbox file storage to a phishing attack via e-mail message and a fake page, but this attack was quickly closed according to Symantec. Said security vendor that discovered a set of mail to electronic fake and the message contains a large file and a link to a page Dropbox, the message claims that a document can be viewed them by clicking on the runway link in the message and the link is logged on a fake page on Dropbox itself [9]. 5.4. Phishing Attack on Twitter Said in a statement by the information security manager Twitter was hacked about 250.000 uses. E-mail messages and other information He said the attack, which happened last similar attack that took place on two newspapers Wall Street Journal and New York Times. Some US newspapers reported that the attack was carried out by Chinese hackers. Also the root of the expert in information security Professor Alan Woodward from University of surrey that users be careful of the messages sent to them by phishers with Twitter itself [10]. The growing use of digital technology as the communication medium of entertainment, a tool for the completion of various transactions increased the risks and problems of the diversity may result from this use, and most importantly what is known as phishing email, which can be defined as a fraudulent process in which access to personal information by giving the impression that he trusted entity that in the digital space. There are dozens of smart ideas that help you to protect your personal credit and your identity online, in order to protect yourself Follow these are advices. 6.1. Phishing through scare tactics Usually, the fraudster sends via e-mail that the prosecutor mail from a businessman or an organization is likely that you are dealing with it like a bank, or the Internet service provider you have, or online payment service, or a travel agency, or even a government agency. And he asks you to update or validate, or confirm your account information. Some fraud messages threatening dire consequences if you do not respond. Mail will send you to a site look just like the organizations website or the original side. Such mail is a phishing scam [11]. 6.2. Messages avoid phishing is when people assume personal bank sends you an prompts you for the information about your bank account or credit card under the pretext of making sure of the numbers, relying on the banks logo and other graphics and images to make you think that the message sent by the bank itself. You should not respond to such messages and make sure that the bank and banking institutions do not need to communicate with you to make sure your banking information [11]. 6.3. Do not click on the link Easy enticing you to provide a link attractively Instead of clicking on the link provided, use your browser to go to a known and trusted site by typing the address in your web browser. For example, take this link: https://www.google.com If you click this, it will not take you to Google, and it will take you to a completely different place. The scammers use this trick all the time to cheat you to go to malicious sites. As you can know where the link will take you provided you go through your mouse over the link without clicking on it, if you do it on the link above you will see infosec.kku.edu.sa at the bottom of your browser. If you are using a smart phone, click and hold on the link provided so that shows you the fund shows you the true destination of the link. 6.4. Avoid suspicious responses on online advertising You may need days to publish an online ad for sale for what purpose, then you will receive inevitably letters from interested Among them may be fraudulent messages to send you a buyer crook imminent in another currency worth more than the amount requested by arguing that it was unable to currency conversion and then prompts you to send the rest. When send him a rest you will discover that you check who sent fake. 6.5. E-mail contain misspellings Be wary of e-mail messages that claim to be from organizations or official bodies however contain grammatical errors or mistakes in the use of words, spelling or punctuation. Most official bodies reviewing what is transmitted several times before sending it to the public, is usually crisp, debugging and removed during this process. 7.1. Survey results The majority from ICT, because I went to the department ICT and published them my questions and has the discussion with them after they finish Questions. The majority from trimester 5, because I went to them and explain the my objective (phishing) and give them my questions. The majority chose NO in the rate of (56.25%), this indicates a lack of studies (phishing) in the previous semesters or not to search for it in books or on the Internet, unlike those who chose (YES) by (43.75%), and this shows that they have been search for it on the Internet or books. The majority chose NO in the rate of (68.75%), this shows that students are eager to use their information protection programs (phishing) this is a good indicator of students (ICT). The majority in the rate of (62.5%) chose YES, This is a good rate for students ICT also indicates that their thinking to protect their information and keeping it from phishing by attackers. The majority in the rate of (58.82%) chose NO, This indicates a lack of study material for protection by. Now, at the present time there are digital worldÂÂ   That made peoples lives is simple and easy to make to find the information and communication between the people and the majority of devices used by people, such as computers and smartphones, we use the internet for information and technical information and the curriculum and learning and creation of scientific research or academic and communicate with our friends and our families, such as Google scholar, Google books, YouTube, Skype, WhatsApp, Facebook and Snapchat. However, most hackers had started to develop piracy methods that can be used to steal information from computer users. Phishing is a way of attacking people on their own specific information such as username, password, and credit card. Phishing is also the most widely used method that has been found in the early discovery of computers. Additionally, it has this trick has increased in the past years, using several methods including fake page and a Man in the middle which made this trick to succeed and be used in most is ignorance of computer users. Phishing exploits points weaken people like to deal with them through any kind of kinds to get their own information. Besides, it is known there are a lot sites on the internet, making it difficult to find and prevent phishing sites or blocked, however, it applied most of the host site technical solutions that can mask the phishing sites. In addition, computer users should teach about how to detect phantom site and use the correct web sites. [1]Phishing Attack Victims Likely Targets for Identity Theft. [Online]. Available: https://www.gartner.com/doc/431660/phishing-attack-victims-likely-targets. [Accessed: 15-Jan-2017]. [2]D. Gudkova, M. Vergelis, N. Demidova, and T. Shcherbakova, Spam and phishing in Q1 2016, AO Kapersky Lab, 2016. [3]M. Vergelis, D. Gudkova, N. Demidova, and T. Shcherbakova, SPAM AND PHISHING IN 2015, AO Kapersky Lab, p. 25, 2015. [4]A. A. Khan, Preventing phishing attacks using one time password and user machine identification, ArXiv Prepr. ArXiv13052704, 2013. [5]P. Kalola, S. Patel, and C. Jagani, Web Spoofing For User Security Awareness. [6]M. N. Banu and S. M. Banu, A comprehensive study of phishing attacks, Int. J. Comput. Sci. Inf. Technol., vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 783-786, 2013. [7]Facebook fake friend phishing attack uncovered heres how to spot it. [Online]. Available: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2016/07/06/facebook-fake-friend-phishing-attack-uncoveredheres-how-to-sp/. [Accessed: 21-Jan-2017]. [8]Netflix phishing scam goes after credit card data, personal info, WGAL, 12-Jan-2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.wgal.com/article/netflix-phishing-scam-goes-after-credit-card-data-personal-info/8591111. [Accessed: 22-Jan-2017]. [9]One of the most convincing phishing attacks yet tricks you with Dropbox sharing, PCWorld, 20-Oct-2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.pcworld.com/article/2835892/dropbox-used-for-convincing-phishing-attack.html. [Accessed: 25-Jan-2017]. [10]D. Lee, Twitter: Hackers target 250,000 users, BBC News, 02-Feb-2013. [11]7 Tips To Protect Against Phishing | Norton. [Online]. Available: https://us.norton.com/7-tips-to-protect-against-phishing/article. [Accessed: 04-Feb-2017].

Australia :: essays research papers

Australia Australia is the world's smallest continent and sixth-largest country. With proportionately more desert land than any other continent, Australia has a low population density. Lying completely in the Southern Hemisphere, Australia is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the west and south and by the Pacific Ocean on the east. These oceans merge on the north in the Arafura Sea between Australia and Indonesia and New Guinea, and on the south in the Bass Strait. The coastline length, estimated at 19,200 km (12,000 mi), is remarkably short for so large an area, a result of the relative lack of indentation. Major inlets other than the Gulf of CARPENTARIA and the GREAT AUSTRALIAN BIGHT are few. A self-governing member of the Commonwealth of Nations, Australia celebrated its bicentennial in 1988z. It is a federation of five mainland states (NEW SOUTH WALES, QUEENSLAND, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, VICTORIA, WESTERN AUSTRALIA) and one island state (TASMANIA), as well as two territories (AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY, NORTHERN TERRITORY). The country's name derives from the Latin terra australis incognita, meaning "unknown southern land," which resulted from a confusion between Australia and Antarctica on early world maps. In many ways Australia is unusual among continents. It lacks major relief features and has a high proportion of dry land. The continent's isolation from other landmasses accounts for its unique varieties of vegetation and animal life, and for the existence of a Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) culture among the Aborigines. Except for Antarctica, Australia was probably the last continent to be inhabited by humans and the last to be explored and settled by Europeans. It is the only continent comprising a single nation-state. Dutch explorers first sighted Australia in the early 17th century. Capt. James COOK explored the east coast in 1770 and claimed the land for Great Britain. In 1778 the first settlement (SYDNEY) was founded at an excellent harbor on the

Smart Card Marketing Solutions Essay

Smart Card Marketing Solutions is a company established in 2003 that provides prepaid card services to customers seeking an alternative to credit cards and as a form of electronic records for merchants in regards to recording a customer buying behavior. Smart Card Marketing Solutions (referred to in this paper as SMKG going forward) offered four types on services: GoSmartCard, Velocity money, Velocity Merchant, and prepaid wireless. Each of the services, in addition to the audience, back ground on the market, strengths and weaknesses of the company, and marketing strategies. Types of Service and Competition Go Smart Card The GoSmartCard is a service that allows companies to use the card and incentive programs. This is offered to merchants and retailed and personal account information. The platform itself is a real-time internet based application that monitors the transaction in real-time and allow for merchants to access the information. The competition could be any company or retailer that offers gift cards. This service is offered by many retailers already. This service is already in the market and for some time now. Velocity Money The service includes two card types: Pin Debit Card, which is used by customers as one would a traditional debit card and a Master debit card, which operates like a traditional Master card. Both are attractive features but there lies a flooded market with lots of competition Velocity Merchant This service allows electronic check processing. This feature has been offered by Tele-Check for many years. The advantage to this feature is the e-commerce site that offers additional features such as private labeling on Master card and instant money transfers. Those are two attractive features. Prepaid Wireless Now prepaid wireless is a service offered, which allows the retailer does not have to pay for a product until after the sale is made. This is a very attractive feature for retailers. Access to the Market Feasibility The goal of feasibility is to is to assess the economic viability of the proposed business. The feasibility study needs to answer the question: â€Å"Does the idea make economic sense?† The study should provide a thorough analysis of the business opportunity, including a look at all the possible roadblocks that may stand in the way of the cooperative’s success. The outcome of the feasibility study will indicate whether or not to proceed with the proposed venture. If the results of the feasibility study are positive, then the cooperative can proceed to develop a business plan. (Williams, 2011) After review of the customer’s website, services offered, and over goal, the Market feasibility does not make sense. The market is saturated with competition such as Visa, MasterCard, Discover, AMEX, Rush Card, and many more. The company does not appear to have done the necessary research to determine the whether there is a need for this service in the market. In addition, this would hint to the fact a proper business plane was not completed and reviewed. Their validity of market acceptance appears to be assumed versus researched and studies. Conclusion Overall, SKMG could have done more research on the need of their services. Primary market research is one of the starting points for this customer to have been able to determine acceptance into the market. Appendix I shows the current state of their stability in the market.

High Schools Students Essay

No Child Left Behind mandates placed tremendous pressure on schools throughout the country to succeed in helping our students achieve. School leaders are spending time and money to find ways to improve their schools. Many leaders have chosen to restructure their everyday scheduling format. Schools need to explore if this is beneficial or not. The purpose of this study is to determine if block scheduling has an effect on student achievement of high school students who are enrolled in block scheduling classes versus those enrolled in traditional classes. The block format will consist of four 90-minute classes. The traditional format will consist of six 50 minutes classes. To examine student achievement, the researcher will explore three critical areas. They are academic achievement, student discipline, and student attendance. The sample population will consist of students, teachers and administrators. The students of this population will be students enrolled at a high school that uses the block format and students enrolled at a high school that uses the traditional format. To examine academic achievement, only students who have completed their 11th grade year and taken the social studies portion of the Georgia High School Graduation Test will be used. To examine discipline and attendance, the teachers, administrators and some students will be randomly selected. The case study will consist of interview questionnaires and data from the students’ records to determine if there is a difference with block scheduling compared to traditional scheduling. The research will explain and explore if block scheduling versus traditional scheduling is a wise decision for school leaders throughout the country. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Statement of Problem It is no secret that schools in the United States have come under much fire lately for their failure to meet the basic educational needs of students. Globally, students in the United States lag far behind those of other countries. Education reform is a catch phrase on the lips of politicians and educational researchers alike. Dobbs reports that in a global math skills test, the United States ranked 24th out of 29 wealthy, industrialized countries. Approximately 5500 students in 262 high schools were studied; their poor performance suggests a widening gap between US students and their counterparts in Europe and Asia (Dobbs, M. , 2004). In addition an International Math & Science Study reported the high school seniors were out-performed by 90% of other tested nations in math and by 76% in science (Hodges, 2003). In reading, students are equally unprepared. The Alliance for Excellent Education reports that nearly 6 million middle and high school students do not read at grade level. In addition, over half the students entering college scored at unacceptable levels on college entrance exams in reading, and these trends seem to cross gender and racial lines (Aratani, 2006). The current debate about school reform came in response to the report, A Nation at Risk (2004) which made the above statistics and their implications public to the nation. The National Commission on Excellence in Education remarked that if a foreign power had attempted to impose our current education performance on any nation, it would have been deemed an act of war. In a nutshell, schools in America were characterized as failed systems (Finn, 1997). The No Child Left Behind Act (NCBLA) by the current Bush Administration is one of the most groundbreaking educational reforms in years. Approved by Congress in December 2001 and signed into law on January 8, 2002, this legislation expanded the federal government’s role in the operation of public schools and imposed new obligations on all school districts. The NCLBA’s basic reform principles feature stronger accountability of the schools, administrators and teachers, increased flexibility and local control of funds from the federal government, expanded options for parents in choosing schools, and an increased emphasis on successful teaching methods (No Child Left Behind Act, 2001). Policymakers are also accountable not just for the enhanced consumer satisfaction of the parents who have an active role in school choice, but also for the overall improvement of opportunity and performance for students who have only a limited role in school choice (Leckrone & Griffith, 2006). To combat these downward trends and to provide for the new obligations and standards in the NCLBA, public education reform has turned to a revision of the structure of the school day. This included changing the schedules from a traditional six or seven period day which consisted of 45 to 55 minute classes that met daily for an entire school year to a block schedule. Block schedules take many forms, but basically, the class times per period doubles to about 90 minutes each and the number of classes taken is reduced from six or seven to four per semester. 1. 2 Statement of Purpose Since the trend toward block scheduling began several years ago, and reports have been mixed as to whether block scheduling has been beneficial or deleterious in solving some of the problems of US high schools. Many factors are involved when it comes to student achievement. These include, among other things, school climate, teaching practices, familial support, motivation and resources. This study seeks to determine the effectives of block scheduling on the academic performance of high school students with regard to the discipline, attendance and test scores. 1. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this study, the following definitions will be used: †¢ 4 x 4 Block Scheduling – Four classes, approximately ninety minutes in length, every day for the first semester. Four completely different classes, again ninety minutes in length, every day for the second semester. Each class equals one credit (The Change Process and Alternative Scheduling, 1996). †¢ A/B Block Scheduling – Four classes, approximately ninety minutes in length, meeting every other day (â€Å"A† days) for an entire school year. Four completely different classes, again ninety minutes in length, meeting on alternate days (â€Å"B† days) for an entire year. Each class equals one credit (The Change Process and Alternative Scheduling, 1996). †¢ Combination Block Schedule – A combination of 4 x 4 and A/B block schedules (The Change Process and Alternative Scheduling, 1996). †¢ Flexible Schedule – A combination of 4 x 4 and A/B block schedules, but class length varies from day to day. One example: On three out of every five days throughout the school year, each class could be 90 minutes in length. On the other two days, designated as Advisement/Resource Days, each class is 75 minutes in length. An Advisement/Resource Hour is 60 minutes in length (The Change Process and Alternative Scheduling, 1996). †¢ Traditional Format – six (or more) 50-minutes classes per day †¢ FMS – the Flexible Modular System designed by J. Lloyd Trump which introduced alternative scheduling options and provided for differing times for classes depending on the needs of the student and the content of the particular course. †¢ GHSGT – The Georgia High School Graduation Test which must be passed by all seniors in public high schools in Georgia. †¢ Carnegie Unit – 120 hours of class or contact time with an instructor over the course of a year at the secondary school level †¢ No Child Left Behind Act – NCLBA, 2001 legislation which tightened federal control over the standards and processes of American public schools. 1. 4 Assumptions of the Study This study assumes that all schools and students and teachers polled are enrolled or teaching in schools that follow the typical formats discussed above, that they have no previously diagnosed mental disabilities or learning problems and that the school is not participating in any additional enrichment programs which may distort the results of the study. 1. 5 Significance of the Study This study is important for anyone interested in improving education in American high schools. This study is significant in that it provides to the body of research that determine a) if the block scheduling concept is perceived by teachers and students as efficient and advantageous and b) if the block scheduling concept is actually responsible for improved academic achievement based upon variable factors of attendance, disciplinary records, and achievement test scores. 1. 6 Limitations of the Study This study is limited by the existence of several variables which cannot be tested by these researchers or that cannot be completely controlled. First, the research obtained is limited to those participants who willingly elect to complete the surveys and questionnaires in their entirety. All personal data to be collected is limited by the veracity of the respondents. Because of the small scope of the research, it is difficult to statistically proportion the number of respondents from necessary categories such as gender, race, income level, and college plans. It can also not take into account existing problems in the schools unrelated to scheduling such as teacher turnover, violence, etc. 1. 7 Summary The problems faced by high schools in the United States are wide-ranging and diverse. No one change will provide an instant cure for all that ails the education system. The NCLBA mandates and the general demise of educational achievement has prompted several new methods of teaching, administrating and funding education in America. The issue of scheduling may hold promise as to improving some aspects of academic performance. CHAPTER TWO REVIEW of the LITERATURE 2. 1 Historical Background of Block Scheduling Students of the 20th century spent nearly all of their high school time in 45 to 55 minute class periods, six or seven classes a day. During the 1960s, some experimental ideas emerged, notable the model of J. Lloyd Trump, who proposed creating classes of varying lengths depending upon the course. Science courses with lab requirements could meet for 100 minutes while lectures could be scheduled for 40 minutes and tutorials for 20 minutes. This system was called the Flexible Modular System (FMS). Later, a similar type of scheduling was dubbed the Copernican Plan which resulted in a reported benefit of improved graduation rates (Carroll, 1995). The plan gives students an extra chance each year to pass a semester class that they may have failed. In 1984, John Goodlad warned education leaders that the traditional school structure spends way too much time on six or seven class changes and does not allow â€Å"for individualized instruction, for extended laboratory work, or for remediation and enrichment† (Queen, 2000). Eventually, the extreme flexibility of time produced discipline issues, scheduling headaches and teacher planning problems, and FMS’s popularity began to wane (Dobbs, W. , 1998) Nonetheless, the importance of this system has not been overlooked, and it is generally regarded as the precursor to the modern block scheduling system. Tradition has always played a role in high school scheduling. The Carnegie Unit became a standard for determining a students required yearly course load. Most critics of the traditional system likened the Carnegie Unit to simply amassed seat time (Canady and Rettig, 1995). This point was reiterated in the National Education Commission on Time and Learning’s publication of A Prisoner of Time. It states that Learning in America is a prisoner of time. For the past 150 years, American public schools have held time constant and let learning vary. The rule, only rarely voiced, is simple: learn what you can in the time we make available. It should surprise no one that some bright, hardworking students do reasonably well. Everyone else—from the typical student to the dropout—runs into trouble. Time is learning’s warden. (National Education Commission on Time and Learning, 1994, p. 7) â€Å"The pace is grueling† (Irmsher, 1996). A student will spend nearly seven hours a day in seven to nine locations pursuing seven to nine different lessons and activities which produces an impersonal and inefficient approach to instruction. â€Å"The pace is grueling† (Irmsher, 1996). Unfortunately, many administrators, teachers and parents resisted any type of change to the system that they had experienced themselves. This resistance was challenged with the report A Nation At Rise was published in 1983 which revealed the American educational system was not up to par with international systems. Thus, restructuring schools became a focus in improving educational achievement (Queen, 2000). 2. 2 Summary of Current Knowledge and Theory Relevant to Block Scheduling 2. 2. 1 Overview of Perceived Advantages to Block Scheduling Several researchers (Dobbs, W. , 1998; Hurley, 1997; Zepeda, 1999; Staunton, 1997; Staunton and Adams, 1997; Pisapia, and Westfall, 1997; and Eineder and Bishop, 1997) reported the following perceived strengths and advantages by both students and teachers to block scheduling: †¢ Increased teacher preparation time (in both teams and as individuals). †¢ Double the class time for certain core subjects such as language arts and math. †¢ Half as many students for teachers per semester †¢ Additional elective class choice for 9th grade students; more choices for upperclassmen, including options of Advanced Placement and other higher level coursework †¢ More time for completion of labs, incorporating technology, class trips, and other various applications of learned material †¢ Improved school climate and decreased disciplinary referrals †¢ More time to do homework and for guided practice under the direction of the teacher †¢ Improved academic achievement by students †¢ Ability of students to accumulate enough credits to graduate early. †¢ More one-on-one time between teachers and students In general, surveyed students liked the block scheduling. They claimed to be getting better grades, to have time for more in-depth study, and got more attention from the teachers. They said their lives were less stressed and they liked having a fresh start each semester. Nearly all students asked said they would not want to return to the traditional schedule. One of the greatest effects of the 4 x 4 schedule is that students report having less homework. Of the 37 students interviewed, 20 said they had less homework, 7 said they had more, and 6 said they had about the same. If you don’t like the teacher, you don’t have to deal with him all year, or if you don’t like the subject. When the semester ends, it’s like a new school year. You’re not bogged down. Clearly, these students reaped academic benefits from the change to the 4 x 4 schedule. Both college preparatory and general students reported they were learning more and receiving more individual attention (Hurley, 1997). Surveyed teachers indicated that they enjoyed lecturing less and spending more time one-on-one with students. Teachers teaching in block scheduling used more of a team approach and allowed them to experiment more in the classroom (Staunton, 1997; Staunton and Adams, 1997). Teachers also reported that their teaching methods and practices changed as block scheduling was implemented. They used a wider array of strategies and activities. In one Florida study of over forty high schools on block scheduling, â€Å"forty percent of the teachers reported less stress at school, one-third reported increased common planning time, and 80 percent noted that they preferred the block schedule to their previous schedule† (Deuel, 1999). There seem to be several perceived advantages associated with block scheduling. 2. 2. 2 Overview of Perceived Disadvantages to Block Scheduling Several researchers (Dobbs, W. , 1998; Hurley, 1997; Zepeda, 1999; Staunton, 1997; Staunton and Adams, 1997; Pisapia, and Westfall, 1997; and Eineder and Bishop, 1997) reported the following perceived weaknesses and disadvantages by both students and teachers to block scheduling: †¢ Additional costs in hiring teachers. †¢ Additional costs in adding space for teachers or the need for teachers to ‘travel’ which means he has no permanent classroom †¢ Difficulty in making up work from absences because missing one day equivalent to missing two classes †¢ Some classes clearly benefit from meeting every day (i. e. performing arts classes) †¢ Need for teachers to commit to using new teaching methods †¢ Ninety minutes is a long time to hold the attention of students †¢ Uneven schedules in which the harder classes all end up lumped into one semester making it too difficult and the next semester too easy. †¢ The possibility that there will be a long gap in between sequential courses if they are not taken in back-to-back semesters. The primary disadvantage given by surveyed students is that the classes are too long. Students particularly gave this as a weakness when their teachers lectured for nearly all of the time period. Others noted that â€Å"bad classes are really bad when they are held for 90 minutes† (Hurley, 1997). Surveyed teachers voiced concerns about interruptions of sequential material from one semester to the next and consistency issues with students. However, teacher opinion seemed to be mixed about this issue. Some foreign language teachers feared a sequential break between levels (Scheduling Foreign Languages on the Block, 1998). Other researchers found that some schools actually showed an increase in foreign language test scores because students could take level I and level II courses in back-to-back semesters (Schoenstein, 1996). Some teachers felt more comfortable with the lecture approach and had little comfort with experimentation of teaching methods (Staunton, 1997; Staunton and Adams, 1997). 2. 2. 3 Actual Advantages to Block Scheduling via Research Studies. A Temple University study found that block scheduling had distinct advantages in academic achievement. Students who made the honor roll at the three schools studied rose from 22% to 31%. SAT scores rose by an average of 14 points. In addition, the number of detentions declined while student attendance increased (Evans, Tokarczyk and Rice, 2000). Most recently, a 2006 study indicated a variety of advantages to block scheduling. Five Connecticut high schools were studied to determine what, if any, positive outcomes would result. The researchers used test scores and surveys as a means of data collection from school guidance counselors, teachers, administrators and students. The study found that gains in math rose significantly over a two year period, achievement test score averages rose in a statistically significant manner over three years, and PSAT and SAT scores increased within the first three years but then leveled off. (Wilcox, 2006). This study is one of the few longitudinal studies available. This study also stressed the importance of time as a factor in determining the success of block scheduling. â€Å"Almost all of the results which indicated significant differences were shown after two or more years† (Wilcox, 2006). Clearly some time is necessary in order for students and teachers to become accustomed to the changes. Some of the school studies Wilcox (2006) examined had been operating on a block schedule for as long as ten years. Unfortunately, not all the schools had baseline data for years before the block schedule or had opened with a block schedule. The study further stresses the level of support by the staff can be a determining factor as to the success of any type of block scheduling, which seems to correlate, at least on surface examination of the results, with training procedures and teacher confidence. 2. 2. 4 Actual Disadvantages to Block Scheduling via Research Studies A University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill study studied achievement in reading and mathematics of students in a high school which ran a tri-schedule. This schedule consisted of a traditional schedule, a 4 x 4 schedule and hybrid schedules which all operated in the same single school. The NC state mandated tests in reading, language and math were used to determine achievement. For reading and language test results, there was no statistically significant difference based on the types of schedules. There was, however, a statistically significant difference in math computation subtest. The traditional schedule saw slightly higher scores in understanding and retention of mathematical computation for tenth grade students. Thus, this study â€Å"supports the importance of daily instruction and contact time to student achievement in mathematics as distinct from other academic skills† (Veal and Shreiber, 1999). Another study tested students in the Wilmington area of North Carolina. It, too, found that students on traditional schedules scored higher on tests of algebra, English, biology and history than did students on a block schedule (Lawrence and McPherson, 2000). 2. 2. 5 Studies that were Inconclusive in Determining the Efficacy of Block Scheduling in Increasing Academic Achievement. A third North Carolina study, this one undertaken by the Department of Public Instruction, compared End-Of-Course (EOC) test scores in five areas (English I, Algebra I, Biology I, US History, and Economic, Legal and Political Systems (ELP)). It sample scores from schools that operated on block schedules and on traditional schedules for 1993 to 1996. It mentions at the outset that the first schools to adopt block schedules in NC were those that had lower achievement scores to begin with. These schools’ scores were adjusted for the purpose of this study. The overall results were inconclusive. Some blocked schools showed some improvement in some years but then lower scores in other years. â€Å"At present, there are essentially no significant differences between groups of blocked and corresponding non-blocked school groups in terms of student performance in state EOC Tests† (North Carolina Department of Public Instruction, 1997).

George Washingtons First Cabinet

George Washington's First Cabinet The President’s cabinet consists of the heads of each of the Executive Departments along with the Vice President. Its role is to advise the president on the issues related to each of the departments. While Article II, Section 2 of the US Constitution sets up the ability of the president to select the heads of the executive departments, President George Washington established the â€Å"Cabinet† as his group of advisors who reported in private and solely to the U.S. chief executive officer.  Washington also set the standards for each Cabinet member’s roles and how each would interact with the President. George Washington’s First Cabinet In the first year of George Washington’s presidency, only three executive departments were established. These were the Department of State, the Department of the Treasury, and the Department of War. Washington selected secretaries for each of these positions. His choices were Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton, and Secretary of War Henry Knox. While the Department of Justice would not be created until 1870, Washington appointed and included the Attorney General Edmund Randolph in his first cabinet. Although the United States Constitution does not expressly provide for a Cabinet, Article II, Section 2, Clause 1 states that the President â€Å"may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices.†Ã‚  Article II, Section 2, Clause 2 states that the President â€Å"with the advice and consent of the Senate . . . shall appoint . . . all other officers of the United States.† Judiciary Act of 1789 On April 30, 1789, Washington took the oath of office as America’s first President.  It was not until almost five months later, on September 24, 1789, that Washington signed into law the Judiciary Act of 1789 which not only established the office of the U.S. Attorney General but also established a three-part judicial system consisting of: 1. the Supreme Court (which at the time consisted of only a Chief Justice and five Associate Justices); 2. United States District Courts, which heard mainly admiralty and maritime cases; and 3. United States Circuit Courts which were the primary federal trial courts but also exercised very limited appellate jurisdiction. This Act granted the Supreme Court the jurisdiction to hear appeals of decisions which were rendered by the highest court from each of the individual states when the decision addressed constitutional issues which interpreted both federal and state laws.  This provision of the act proved to be extremely controversial, especially among those who favored States rights. Cabinet Nominations Washington waited until September to form his first cabinet. The four positions were quickly filled in only fifteen days. He hoped to balance out the nominations by choosing members from different regions of the newly formed United States. Alexander Hamilton was appointed and quickly approved by the Senate as the first Secretary of the Treasury on September 11, 1789. Hamilton would continue to serve in that position until January 1795. He would have a profound impact on the early economic development of the United States. On September 12, 1789, Washington appointed Knox to oversee the U.S. Department of War.  He was a Revolutionary War hero who had served side-by-side with Washington. Knox would also continue in his role until January 1795. He was instrumental in the creation of the United States Navy. On September 26, 1789, Washington made the last two appointments to his Cabinet, Edmund Randolph as Attorney General and Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State. Randolph had been a delegate to the Constitutional Convention and had introduced the Virginia Plan for the creation of a bicameral legislature. Jefferson was a key founding father who had been the central author of the Declaration of Independence. He had also been a member of the first Congress under the Articles of Confederation and had served as a minister to France for the new nation. In contrast to having only four ministers, in 2016 the President’s Cabinet consists of sixteen members which include the Vice President. However, Vice President John Adams never attended a single one of President Washington’s Cabinet meetings. Although Washington and Adams were both federalists and each played very vital roles in the success of the colonists during the Revolutionary War, they hardly ever interacted in their positions as President and Vice President.  Although President Washington is known as being a great administrator, he seldom ever consulted Adams on any issues which caused Adams to write that the office of Vice President was the â€Å"most insignificant office that ever the invention of man contrived or his imagination conceived.† Issues Facing Washington’s Cabinet President Washington held his first cabinet meeting on February 25, 1793. James Madison coined the term ‘cabinet’ for this meeting of the Executive department heads. Washington’s cabinet meetings soon became quite acrimonious with Jefferson and Hamilton taking opposite positions over the issue of a national bank that was part of Hamilton’s financial plan. Hamilton had created a financial plan to deal with the major economic issues that had arisen since the end of the Revolutionary War. At that time, the federal government was in debt in the amount of $54 million (which included interest), and the states collectively owed an additional $25 million. Hamilton felt that the federal government should take over the states’ debts. To pay for these combined debts, he proposed the issuance of bonds that people could buy which would pay interest over time. In addition, he called for the creation of a central bank to create a more stable currency. While northern merchants and traders mostly approved of Hamilton’s plan, southern farmers, including Jefferson and Madison, vehemently opposed it. Washington privately supported Hamiltons plan believing that it would give much needed financial support to the new nation. Jefferson, however, was instrumental in creating a compromise whereby he would convince the Southern-based Congressmen to support Hamilton’s financial plan in exchange for moving the US Capital city from Philadelphia to a Southern location. President Washington would help choose its location on the Potomac River due to its proximity to Washington’s Mount Vernon estate. This would later be known as Washington, D.C. which has been the nation’s capital ever since. As a side note, Thomas Jefferson was the very first President to be inaugurated in Washington, D.C. in March 1801 which at the time was a swampy location near the Potomac with a population that numbered around 5000 people.

As For Me and My House essays

As For Me and My House essays "As For Me and My House" is a very complex novel by Sinclair Ross. The novel is told to the reader as journal recordings of Mrs. Bentley. The main character consist in the journal are Mrs. Bentley's husband Philip, a school teacher Paul, choir girl in church Judith and abandon child Steve. Because the story is told as a journal, so everything is in a view through Mrs. Bentley's eyes and is in her point of view. The setting of the story is in a small town Horizon located in the Canadian prairies. The novel opens the Bentleys arrival to Horizon. This is the fourth small town to which Philip has been moved. Being a Minister was not easy, they have to face the community's stereotypes. The things they do would be monitor by the towns people, that is why the Bentley would put on a false font to give the town's people an impression that they are traditional Christians or the image that the people wants to see. Although the relationship between Mrs. Bentley and Philip has grown into merely a roommate relationship, they would show little love towards one another. I argued that Mrs. Bentley usage of false fronts towards Philip has saved their marriage. The Bentley has been married for twelfth years. In her journal Mrs. Bentley recalls that how Philip became a minister. After Philip's graduation, he married a music student, who was Mrs. Bentley, but unfortunately Philip was force to work for the United Church as a minister because of the expenses incurred with the birth of the stillborn child and also the debts has piled up. Although Philip's dream was to become an artist, he is now trapped himself in the small town he was trying to escape from. The life in the small town and their own hypocrisy has driven the Bentleys apart. In Mrs. Bentley's diary you can see how Philip's feel towards his job and towards Mrs. Bentley "After all, could the pebbles of his disbelief do and real harm to and institution like the church"(25). Mrs. Bentley and ...

Comtemporary Management Issues Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Comtemporary Management Issues - Assignment Example The industry is self-sustainable which provide steady growth and stability to the country’s economy. The winemaking industry has been using the corks produced from the barks of the trees in this part of the country for over centuries. However, one needs to realize that these forests are thriving due to the presence of such industries (Darwall, 2007). However, in recent times that has been a very big dilemma in terms of the cork to be used, the companies have now two choices, i.e. the traditional champagne corks and the metal corks. The introduction of the metal corks has been one which is influenced by the idea of the number of trees that are needed to be cut down for the use in the cork industry (Bentham, 1789). This under the ISO 9001 does fall into the regulation and thus this can be used by the companies. This creates a strong ethical issue and also a moral issue. Considering the cork industry, it is seen that the industry similar to the wine industry is one which self-con tained and is one which has seen steady growth irrespective of the external factors. However, the industry is completely dependent on the trees and this has been the case for a number of centuries. However, one needs to realize that these forests are thriving due to the presence of such industries (Hollis, 2002). It lays importance on the essence of the action, the thought behind the action should be positive and towards the betterment. The consequences or the results of the action should not be given much importance (Scheffler, 1988). For actions to be considered as right it is essential that the actions led to best consequences. However, there is clearly no case of egoism that has been seen in the use of metal corks in the companies. Egoism is a case where the companies work based only on self-interest and without considering the other parties that might be affected by the decision. As per the consequentialist perspective, this is a sensible and ethical decision  to be made by t he company as this spreads happiness and also the consequence of the use of metal screw tops is beneficial to all at the end of the process (Samuel, 2004).

Reduction of urinary catheter days versus catheter irrigation Research Paper

Reduction of urinary catheter days versus catheter irrigation - Research Paper Example Inserted catheters form an entry point for microbes to colonize the patient’s rather sterile body.   â€Å"Following finite colonization, the risk rate of bacteriuria is estimated at (3-10) % per day. The invading microbes could be of low virulence but nonetheless they are no match for the body’s host defense system, which is compromised† (Nicolle 2012, p.13). The immune-comprised patients succumb to nosocomial infections and in this respect, catheter urinary tract infection (CAUTI). Underlying malignancies and therapeutic interventions e.g. corticosteroids, parenteral nutrition are recognized as risk factors.   The risk of suffering from nosocomial infections is mainly linked to duration of hospital stay. Multivariate analyses of evidence shows that catheters and implantable devices are risk factors for over 50% of patients with blood cultures that test positive for bacterial contamination.   Consequently the duration at which a patient has an inserted cat heter strongly predisposes him/her to contracting catheter-associated bacteriuria. However, even short-term use of catheters ranging from 3 to 11 days poses a risk of bacteriuria by up to 26%. Consequently, it is no wonder that bacteriuria develops in nearly all patients who have been catheterized for only 1 month. Of these patients who develop bacteriuria, the disease progresses to urinary tract infection (acteremia (Warren, 1997). This prompted the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to form stringent guidelines.... Consequently the duration at which a patient has an inserted catheter strongly predisposes him/her to contracting catheter-associated bacteriuria. However, even short-term use of catheters ranging from 3 to 11 days poses a risk of bacteriuria by up to 26%. Consequently, it is no wonder that bacteriuria develops in nearly all patients who have been catheterized for only 1 month. Of these patients who develop bacteriuria, the disease progresses to urinary tract infection (UTI) and the incidence of suffering bacteremia is about 5%. Hence, the prevalence of nosocomial CAUTI is 15% of the overall nosocomial bacteremia (Warren, 1997). Effective Catheter Management There is evidence on the overuse and misuse of catheters, and hence the prevalence of CAUTI. Evidence shows that catheters are used for unknown as well as unjustified medical conditions in about 20% of hospitalized patients. Moreover, this continued use of catheters is unnecessary for (0.3-0.5) % of catheterization days. This pro mpted the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to form stringent guidelines concerning the use of catheters. According to the CDC (2011), catheter use should be streamlined and removal of catheters should be done promptly after an appropriate duration of usage. Most important, health workers are required to be responsible and to avoid misuse of catheterization. Guidelines concerning approved techniques of catheter insertion and care were also issued. However, there has been poor adherence and implementation of these guidelines (Furfari & Wald, 2008). Catheter Use Several health conditions warrant the insertion of catheters. For instance, a case of acute urinary retention

Short story analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Short story analysis - Essay Example The Black Cat, after its diabolical murder, is resurrected and is hungry for vengeance and destroys the narrator psychologically. Stunning insanity Cat symbolizes misfortune as per Western traditions. Black cat in the story of Edgar Poe is the cause of double misfortune, when it lives and on its death. Cat’s mysterious gaze has the guile and is the pointer to uncertainties and in Celtic lore they are considered evil and sacrificial animals. They have the ability to see at night (darkness) which represents negativities and thus they are part of the underworld. Symbolically the veil of night shifts one’s perception of reality. The story highlights the effect of stunning insanity. The narrator tells how sanity turns to madness, the reason being obsession with the black cat. Evil has seized him; cruelty to animals becomes his way of life and finally drives him to take the life of his wife and the subsequent sin of trying to conceal her death. That he is alcoholic makes the characterization even more diabolic. Pluto, God of the underworld. Symbolically, the Black Cat is Pluto, the Roman God of the underworld. Pluto controls the hell and symbolizes the devil. ... The narrator’s action in gorging out the eye of his pet animal, the black cat, is mind-boggling. It amounts to torture of the ultimate level. To conceal his guilt, the narrator commits another senseless act. He hangs the cat in the backyard but the evil strikes back. The cat resurrects and itches for revenge, the narrator’s house is on fire and burns to the ground and he observes the image of a large black cat originating through the fire on the only wall that was still intact. He can still see the rope tied to its neck. After the fire, the narrator sees a black cat resembling Pluto, in a bar and takes it home. He observes next morning that the second cat is without one eye, which reminds him of his dark deeds. Conclusion The narrator does not lead the readers on a wild goose chase and is sane enough to understand the reactions of the readers for his insane acts. The details given in the story are not by a dreamer, but the one who knows the consequences of his ill-bodin g quests. He does not expect sympathy or rejection by the readers and his intentions about story-telling are deliberate. His psyche drives him to the point of insanity and at that stage he just cannot help acting diabolically. He expects them to think about the unthinkable and believe the unbelievable and respect the

Communication in the Internet Age Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Communication in the Internet Age - Essay Example In Third World countries, Internet is often a status symbol, perhaps because not everyone can afford owning an Internet. Communication via Internet can be categorized as healthy or unhealthy communication depending on the purpose of communication process. Accessibility to any point of destination is always possible in the Internet. Also a speedy communication process is viable through electronic mails and chatting. There is no restraint as to the accessibility of an Internet user. Electronic mails can however be sometimes restrained by the user as it is his prerogative to choose any of the variants available and any of the diversified people shall he be sending a private message. It is through electronic emails where productive written communication can be possibly achieved. Similar to electronic mail is blogging. Blogging is more prevalent than that of a chatting. Through blogging, communication can be enhancing when different mind interactions are striking through inside the blog r oom, similar with discussion in face-to-face communication. Through blogs, every statement is articulately adorned to show off the emotion and reaction of different bloggers. It is also nurturing their skill in writing. Actually, blogging is another way of improving write-ups and writing methods wherein another writer can give you pieces of advise to reshape your sentence, your every word and especially the grammars being used. Learning can also be visible in this point through healthy discussions. The cultural diversity of every blogger can attribute to the expanse of knowledge one have.

The Hiring Process and Managing a Diverse Workforce Research Paper

The Hiring Process and Managing a Diverse Workforce - Research Paper Example Besides, managing a diverse workforce helps to create harmony among the employees and brings about the right organizational culture essential in bringing the employees on board the management plan. In my work environment, the human resource managers pay attention to issues of diversity right from the employee selection stage to employee appraisal. This explains why the company has experienced less internal conflict and no friction with the legal bodies responsible for regulating organizational behavior. Therefore, organizations that abide by government regulation in their employment practices are more likely to succeed than those that ignore such legal requirements. In our organization, the marketing officer is among those that possess in appointing the right person for the task. Evidently, a number of procedures of recruitment are available for such a position. The first option is internal recruitment, in which the company appoints someone from the organization. In this method, one may avoid discrimination by engaging a transparent mode employee promotion and providing equal opportunity for promotion (Slater, 2004). Alternatively, the human resource managers may advertise the position in the public domain, which will give opportunity to every citizen to apply. Citing the job requirements and subjecting each applicant to the same tests will ensure there are no incidences of discrimination. The last option would be using a recruitment agency to hire a marketing officer on the behalf of the company. This process reduces discrimination by ensuring the process is independent and that internal organization workers cannot introduce biasness into the process. Therefore, the organizational managers do not interfere with the recruitment process by selecting candidates that they have affiliation with such as relatives or even friends (Krieger, 2013). For effective recruitment, the human resource managers

HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT - Essay Example He stated every company should concentrate on External marketing directed towards the customers and Internal marketing directed towards the employees (Kotler, 13). While external marketing takes care of processes like advertising and selling internal marketing takes care of "hiring, training and motivating able employees who want to serve customers well" says Kotler. Internal marketing should precede external marketing to give hundred percent satisfactions to the customers. It is up to the human resource development team to make the internal marketing successful. The concept of Marketing as management gained more popularity after the "Introduction to Market-based management" booklet was released. The booklet highlights instilling ethics, self-dedication and incentive based motivation to employees is important for smooth operation of any organization. The HR department should act like a friend, philosopher and guide in creating an open, friendly atmosphere for the employees. Every emp loyee should be motivated to work towards a common mission individually and as a team. An accountant in a firm should have a feeling that his accurate and fast billing capacities plays a key role in customer satisfaction, while the domestic worker should believe a cleaner environment helps employees works better and improves the image of the company. An "invisible hand" should drive every person in the company towards selling the product or creating the best product, not the marketing department personnel alone. Marketing and Stakeholders Analyzing from a Human resource point of view, stakeholder is any person who can exert control over the HR department and alter their activities. It can be the boss or the employee union or the customer who forces HR to train the employees better. The stakeholders outside the organization are the buyers while the ones inside the company are the value creators for the stake holder’s money (Reed, 1983). Some stakeholders act as barriers while others support productive activities. Integrated marketing concept helps an organization to identify the needs of all classes of stakeholders quite easily and efficiently. Deloitte – a major Consulting Firm Deloitte Consulting is a major auditing firm transacting over $31.3 billion annually. Their Human Resource system is studied by every management student in the world. It manages over 193000 employees and is spread over 150 countries (Khurana, 2010). The auditing firm has a versatile client list. They train each of their employees with utmost concern to serve the best clients, their marketing department lures in with much effort. Deloitte’s future plan Deloitte is next to Pricewaterhousecoopers in terms of money transaction. Their aim is to reach the number one position in the market within a short period of time. They already have the largest client list in the world. They provide auditing and taxation assistance services to several huge companies in the world. They look forward to expand their companies consulting services in several growing eastern economies like China, Korea and southern countries like Brazil. Traditional companies operated in a pyramid model with the CEO on top. The modern companies use an inverted pyramid marketing strategy, where the customer is at the top, the front end sellers dealing with them directly is next, the middle managers are placed third and the CEO is placed last whose job is to give the necessary resources and

Communication in the Internet Age Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Communication in the Internet Age - Essay Example In Third World countries, Internet is often a status symbol, perhaps because not everyone can afford owning an Internet. Communication via Internet can be categorized as healthy or unhealthy communication depending on the purpose of communication process. Accessibility to any point of destination is always possible in the Internet. Also a speedy communication process is viable through electronic mails and chatting. There is no restraint as to the accessibility of an Internet user. Electronic mails can however be sometimes restrained by the user as it is his prerogative to choose any of the variants available and any of the diversified people shall he be sending a private message. It is through electronic emails where productive written communication can be possibly achieved. Similar to electronic mail is blogging. Blogging is more prevalent than that of a chatting. Through blogging, communication can be enhancing when different mind interactions are striking through inside the blog r oom, similar with discussion in face-to-face communication. Through blogs, every statement is articulately adorned to show off the emotion and reaction of different bloggers. It is also nurturing their skill in writing. Actually, blogging is another way of improving write-ups and writing methods wherein another writer can give you pieces of advise to reshape your sentence, your every word and especially the grammars being used. Learning can also be visible in this point through healthy discussions. The cultural diversity of every blogger can attribute to the expanse of knowledge one have.

HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT - Essay Example He stated every company should concentrate on External marketing directed towards the customers and Internal marketing directed towards the employees (Kotler, 13). While external marketing takes care of processes like advertising and selling internal marketing takes care of "hiring, training and motivating able employees who want to serve customers well" says Kotler. Internal marketing should precede external marketing to give hundred percent satisfactions to the customers. It is up to the human resource development team to make the internal marketing successful. The concept of Marketing as management gained more popularity after the "Introduction to Market-based management" booklet was released. The booklet highlights instilling ethics, self-dedication and incentive based motivation to employees is important for smooth operation of any organization. The HR department should act like a friend, philosopher and guide in creating an open, friendly atmosphere for the employees. Every emp loyee should be motivated to work towards a common mission individually and as a team. An accountant in a firm should have a feeling that his accurate and fast billing capacities plays a key role in customer satisfaction, while the domestic worker should believe a cleaner environment helps employees works better and improves the image of the company. An "invisible hand" should drive every person in the company towards selling the product or creating the best product, not the marketing department personnel alone. Marketing and Stakeholders Analyzing from a Human resource point of view, stakeholder is any person who can exert control over the HR department and alter their activities. It can be the boss or the employee union or the customer who forces HR to train the employees better. The stakeholders outside the organization are the buyers while the ones inside the company are the value creators for the stake holder’s money (Reed, 1983). Some stakeholders act as barriers while others support productive activities. Integrated marketing concept helps an organization to identify the needs of all classes of stakeholders quite easily and efficiently. Deloitte – a major Consulting Firm Deloitte Consulting is a major auditing firm transacting over $31.3 billion annually. Their Human Resource system is studied by every management student in the world. It manages over 193000 employees and is spread over 150 countries (Khurana, 2010). The auditing firm has a versatile client list. They train each of their employees with utmost concern to serve the best clients, their marketing department lures in with much effort. Deloitte’s future plan Deloitte is next to Pricewaterhousecoopers in terms of money transaction. Their aim is to reach the number one position in the market within a short period of time. They already have the largest client list in the world. They provide auditing and taxation assistance services to several huge companies in the world. They look forward to expand their companies consulting services in several growing eastern economies like China, Korea and southern countries like Brazil. Traditional companies operated in a pyramid model with the CEO on top. The modern companies use an inverted pyramid marketing strategy, where the customer is at the top, the front end sellers dealing with them directly is next, the middle managers are placed third and the CEO is placed last whose job is to give the necessary resources and

The Astonishing Hypothesis Essay Example for Free

The Astonishing Hypothesis Essay John Maddox (1995) in â€Å"The Prevalent Distrust of Science† argues that there exists a distrust in the innovations within the field of science as a result of the unreliability of the scientific community regarding the various innovations that it has developed over the past years. Maddox claims that this distrust has led to the creation of a culture of ignorance, the effects of which can be seen in the existence of an anti-science mindset. These views may take the form of passive denial and active denial. Passive denial refers to the â€Å"intentional obfuscation of what science is about† whereas active denial refers to the denial of the validity of scientific claims (Maddox, 1995, p. 436). Maddox further claims that this mindset may be seen as the result of (1) individuals’ inability to hold accountability for their actions since science â€Å"shifts responsibility from nature onto people’s own shoulders† and (2) individual’s inability to easily adapt to change since science â€Å"challenge(s) cherished beliefs† (1995, p. 436-437). In order to test the prevalence of this mindset within society, Maddox proposed the conduction of a public opinion poll in the form of a conceptual experiment. The experiment involves presenting the hypothesis of Francis Crick regarding human development as presented in his book The Astonishing Hypothesis. According to Crick, the human brain begins as a bag of neurons. In addition to this, he claims that the development of the hardwired parts of the human nervous system is genetically determined. The process in which this genetic determination occurs however was not accounted for by Crick. Based on his views regarding the distrust in the development in scientific inquiry, Maddox claims that â€Å"the scientists will not think Crick’s hypothesis all that astonishing† (1995, p. 437). In order to test whether such an anti-science mindset exists, I conducted the poll proposed by Maddox. In the process of doing this, I interviewed ten students, five of which major in science related courses and five of which major in humanities related courses. Their ages range from 19-25 years old. Amongst the ten interviewees, five were male and five were female. In addition to this, six of the interviewees were Caucasians, two were African Americans, and two were Asian Americans. In terms of their religious affiliation, six of them were Protestants and the remaining interviewees were Roman Catholics. All the interviewees were given the same information regarding Crick’s views on human development. After being given the information and asked regarding the validity of Crick’s views, all the interviewees agreed regarding the high probability of Crick’s claim. The difference between the interviewees can be traced to their explanation as to why they consider Crick’s view to be highly probable. The interviewees who major in science related courses gave more precise explanations regarding the probability of Crick’s claim. One them stated that â€Å"embryonic fetal development always begins with the development of the neurological system since the system is necessary to support the other development of the primary organs of the fetus†. Another one stated that this claim is true since studies have shown that the human embryo produces almost a million neurons every minute after the first four weeks of its conception. As opposed to this, the students who major in humanities related subjects tended to provide a less detailed explanation. One of them stated, â€Å"Crick’s hypothesis might be true since his view corresponds with what we discussed in Biology 101†. The reason for the difference of the explanation of these students may be traced to the formers exposure to the scientific language as opposed to the latter. Based on the interviews that I conducted, it seems that Maddox’s claim does not hold. It is possible that the reason for this may traced to the fact that the individuals I interviewed were all college students. Their educational background may have provided them with the recognition of the necessity to recognize the importance of scientific knowledge in the advancement of humanity. As I see, the distrust in scientific innovations stem as a result of individuals’ lack of knowledge regarding the importance of scientific innovation as well as the probabilistic nature of scientific knowledge. Reference Maddox, J. (1995). â€Å"The Prevalent Distrust of Science. † Nature, 378, 435-437.

Role Of Front Office In The Hotel Industry Tourism Essay

Role Of Front Office In The Hotel Industry Tourism Essay We often heard that front office play an important role in the hotel industry. The front office or can be known as the main nerve of the hotel is the first and the last sector that interact with a client. Front offices are typically called so because they are at the front or entrance hall of a business, giving customers an easy access to office workers. This vital section of the business can serve many purposes, depending on the company, and are frequently the best place to obtain any customer-related information. Front offices may have an entry desk staffed with a secretary or administrative worker. This main desk can offer assistance to incoming clients or customers, and can direct queries to correct personnel. On the other hand, all personnel in the department may be trained in customer assistance, since front office workers may have many duties, training all of them in customer service means that someone will almost always be available to help a guest. 1.1 Division of Front Office There are many part of division inside the front office department. All of this part of partition should duty their tasks and responsibility. Furthermore they should help each other so that the enrollment will complete with success and this will make the customer feels satisfy with the service and willingly to come again. The part of this department are Front Office Manager, Assistant Front Office Manager, Front Desk Representative, Night Auditor, Cashier, Reservationist and Telephone Operator. All departments play an important role to make the guest feel satisfy with our service. 1.1.1 Front Office Manager The basic duty of front office manager is to directly supervise the front desk, reservation, concierge and PABX. Hotel PABX system comes with a front desk management system either PC based or telephone operator console based which is used by operator to perform various tasks easily. Using this console, one can update, monitor room status like occupied, cleaned. It can be used to print out call details room wise, estimate telephone bills. Other duties of the front office manager are assisting in the training and cross-training of front office employees, prepares monthly reports, assists the rooms division manager in formulation and completion of front office policies and procedures. 1.1.2 Assistant Front Office Manager The assistant of front office manager is to control the operational activities of the hotel front desk within hotel procedure to provide the highest standard of courteous service while permitting acceptable profit levels. On the other hand, they have to ensure work is completed to include, shift closings, room deposits, refunds and rebates. They also have to prepare staffing schedules, complete payroll, and monitor labor expenses to budget figures and take personal responsibility for correcting customer service problems. 1.1.3 Front Desk Representative Hotel front desk clerks make room reservations, offer information and services to guests and receive payment for services. They are employed by hotels, motels and resorts. Hotel front desk clerks perform some or all of the following duties such as maintain an inventory of vacancies, reservations and room assignments, register arriving guests and assign rooms, answer enquiries regarding hotel services and registration by letter, by telephone and in person, provide information about services available in the community and respond to guest complaints and compile and check daily record sheets, guest accounts, receipts and vouchers using computerized or manual systems. 1.1.4 Night Auditor A night auditor works for a hotel or motel doing bookkeeping and often performing as the front desk agent as well. With the exception of for the smallest motels, most types and sizes of these businesses provide work for night auditors. These might be part-time positions, or the hotel may employ one full-time auditor and one part-time. Duties vary depending on the size of the capability, but the major focus of the job description is conduct end-of-day accounting duties. The job description for night auditors includes performing information entry on spreadsheets or in a file, and processing dissimilar types of computer accounting reports for the hotel and restaurant. They input reservations on a computer system and also update the occupied status of rooms as guests come and go. 1.1.5 Cashier The cashier has to uphold precise account balances for hotel operating cost and collect payment from guests. Hotel expenses contain room charges, abroad telephone calls, meals and laundry. They should be able to carry out foreign exchange, for example, converting foreign currencies and travelers cheques into local exchange, protect safe deposit boxes and resolve bill payments, expenses rapidly and correctly for guests who are checking out. 1.1.6 Reservationist A hotel reservations agent is an essential part of hotel operations. Guests get their first impression of the hotel service values at the time of reservation. Therefore, reservations agents must be courteous, well-informed and educational. The main duty of a reservations agent is to rent hotel rooms to potential guests. The agent must conquer any objections the guest has. Hotel managers provide rule so the agent will know precisely what to say if the guest resists the deal. This may come in the form of a script that must be insecurely followed. A reservationist is also someone who reserves events, tickets or makes travel preparations. Reservationists use customer-service skills to help people. The reservationist books events, tickets or arrangements online, by phone or in person. He produces customer confirmations and meets the customer ¿Ã‚ ½s needs to the best of his capability. Contacting customers when a termination is submitted is also the dependability of a reservationist. 1.1.7 Telephone Operator The supreme duty of a telephone operator is that of transferring calls from external the hotel to the suitable guest room. For security measurement, operators have to do this without giving out the room number of a hotel guest. The telephone operator may not often be face-to-face with guests of the hotel, but plays an important role on behalf of the hotel to the guest. For this situation, a friendly and polite tone of voice is all-important. The duties of the telephone operator include answers incoming calls, straight calls to guest room through the switchbox. 1.2 Organization Chart in Small Hotel, Mid Size Hotel and Large Hotel There are three main charts for front office division in hotel industry that is inside the small hotel, mid size hotel and the large hotel. 2.0 Conclusion Each department plays an important role in order to get a complete task to get the main thing that is the satisfaction of the customer. Sequentially to carry out its mission, worldwide and departmental goals and objectives, every company shall build a formal organization depicting different hierarchy of managing, supervision, and employee or the staff levels. All hotels mission is to make the hotel success by satisfying the customer need. If the hotels fail to do so, it means that they have failed everything. This is because we have to be humbled to the guest and respect the guest although they are wrong. The statement saying that  ¿Ã‚ ½guest will always be right ¿Ã‚ ½ is the rules showing that everything that the guest do and say, we have to give and take. The main department that is front office management has to play the important role as they are the one that will communicate with the guest from the guest check in until they will check out. Smile and greet the guest politely will make the guest feel happy and hoping that they will see us again. Question 2 Front office staffs must have certain skills to attract guests during the first impression. Write about Front Office staff skill in guest relations. 1.0 Introduction Impression and attitudes of the staffs are the most important things that the hotel should be aware when it comes to the customer satisfaction. They have to welcome the guest with a great smile and greet them politely as they are persons that will decide whether we deserve to have them in the hotel or opposite that. As been said by F.Howard in the Business Publications, Eye contact is the first thing theyre taught. The idea is to know a person before and after the guest opens the front door and enters the lobby. To do this, staff members have to be alert and aware of what is going on around them. What they are trained to do is recognize the people by providing eye contact and a smiling nod to let them know that theyve been known. To make a successful business in the hotel, all the staff and employee should take a few steps so that the circle of the chain inside the hotel is moving smoothly. 1.1 Meaning of the guest A guest is the person who buys room, meeting space, food and beverages or other service from the hotel. They are someone that who has certain needs and wants to be fulfilled and if the hotel cannot fulfill them, a competitor of the other hotel is the best choice of the guest to fulfill their satisfaction. A guest is someone who is in his or her mind, thinking that they are always right. We should never argue or match with a guest because if we do so, it ¿Ã‚ ½s like we ¿Ã‚ ½re giving the hotel to bankrupt. 1.2 Importance of Guest Relations According to L.F Dennis in the  ¿Ã‚ ½Rooms at The Inn: Front Office Operations and Administration ¿Ã‚ ½ book, in the clients mind, the character and competence of the entire hotel are reflected in the personality of the front office staff. The people of the front office may be the client ¿Ã‚ ½s first and last contact with the hotel. For the arriving guests, their behavior sets the tone for the entire stay. For departing clients, their final words create lasting impressions. It is the staff responsibility to create a sense of belonging. Clients must be made to feel as they are part of a family. The front desk staff must convey the impression that it is not there just to sell rooms, but rather to make the guest ¿Ã‚ ½s stay at the hotel as enjoyable as possible. 1.2.1 First Impression Personal appearance is the most obvious factor in influencing first impression. An individual ¿Ã‚ ½s appearance can communicate neatness, organization, pride and self-esteem. Eye contact and facial expressions also influence how people are perceived by others. A neat appearance, confidents, enthusiastic manner and a voice that convey warmth and sincerity are the most important tools of a front desk representative. 1.2.2 Personal Appearance Appearance is the function of sex and age. Regardless of the sex or age of a front desk representative, he or she will encounter certain biases in guests or others. For example, some people have the mistaken belief that older staff members are not  ¿Ã‚ ½up to date ¿Ã‚ ½ and others automatically assume that younger employees are inexperienced. A front desk representative, who dresses with authority, wears quality accessories and maintains a conservative appearance will produce a positive reaction in every client. 1.2.3 Communication Communication and understanding must also take place. Addresses guests will create the impression of respect and concern that the hotel has for its clients. A courteous staff member is a good listener as well as an efficient communicator. Asking questions indicates that the representative is interested in the client. Listening to the answers indicates personal respect and attention to the guest needs. 1.3 Dealing with Complaints Clients communicates their complaints not only to the front desk staff but also to coworkers, business associates and other guests. There are ways for dealing with clients who have complaints that are:  ¿Ã‚ ½ Never be defensive  ¿Ã‚ ½ Define the problem  ¿Ã‚ ½ Validate the clients feelings  ¿Ã‚ ½ Restate your understanding  ¿Ã‚ ½ Promise to take action  ¿Ã‚ ½ Follow Up 1.4 Preventing Complaints Complaints can often be avoided by properly educating guests about hotel policies and procedures. The most common complaint of hotel guests is related to credit card guarantees. Proper information can prevent misunderstandings and minimize complaints. On the other hand, the front office staff keep doing mistake, for example they will forget to key in the details of their guest and when the guest wants to check-in, they can ¿Ã‚ ½t do it because the guest name are not inside their check-in list. They have to always be alert every time when it comes toward related of the guest. 1.5 Effective Telephone Techniques The front office staff spends a great deal of its time on the telephone, communicating with people both inside and outside the hotel. Although some people have better speaking voices than others, verbal communication is an art that can be learned with practice. There are ways to develop an efficient, courteous telephone manner that are:  ¿Ã‚ ½ Be prepared  ¿Ã‚ ½ Answer promptly  ¿Ã‚ ½ Use proper identification  ¿Ã‚ ½ Speak directly into the telephone  ¿Ã‚ ½ Relax and be yourself  ¿Ã‚ ½ Ask questions  ¿Ã‚ ½ Listen carefully  ¿Ã‚ ½ Take notes if necessary  ¿Ã‚ ½ Use reflective phrases  ¿Ã‚ ½ Keep call holds to a minimum  ¿Ã‚ ½ End the call courteously 2.0 Conclusion The way to cooperate with customer is to love and the respect the customers. The ability to connect and build rapport with other people is a foundation life skill, and should be ideally, be actively developed from an early age. In business and in the workplace, on the domestic front and in our community lives, we all stand to promote from more effective communication skills. We crave for more fulfilling interpersonal relationships. The front office staffs should greet their customers with sincere and be patient with what the customer complaint because customer will always be right. Good communication is the lifeblood of the service industry and its important that your communication style reflects professionalism. To make the business or hotel success is to make the customer satisfy, listen to what they want. They will feel happy and think that they wanted to come again to your hotel.